Merge cbbc236fb8 into 33c15ba8e8

The feature name is with-systemd-homed, not with-homed.

.github/workflows/coverage.yml

@@ -7,6 +7,14 @@ on:
     # Calculate coverage daily at midnight
     - cron:  '0 0 * * *'
 
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - main
+      - v[0-9]+-stable
+    paths:
+      - .github/workflows/coverage.yml
+      - test/integration-test-wrapper.py
+
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
@@ -16,7 +24,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683
-      - uses: systemd/mkosi@07ef37c4c0dad5dfc6cec86c967a7600df1cd88c
+      - uses: systemd/mkosi@ba07d53000b6c560ad0b9f07550aca93c0284e88
 
       # Freeing up disk space with rm -rf can take multiple minutes. Since we don't need the extra free space
       # immediately, we remove the files in the background. However, we first move them to a different location
@@ -49,7 +57,6 @@ jobs:
           Distribution=arch
 
           [Build]
-          ToolsTree=default
           ToolsTreeDistribution=arch
           UseSubvolumes=yes
           WithTests=no
@@ -64,7 +71,7 @@ jobs:
                   MESON_OPTIONS=--werror
                   COVERAGE=1
 
-          [Host]
+          [Runtime]
           QemuMem=4G
           EOF
 

.github/workflows/mkosi.yml

@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683
-      - uses: systemd/mkosi@c4bbf3b71a3e2cf947995caedf10f69da3c4957a
+      - uses: systemd/mkosi@ba07d53000b6c560ad0b9f07550aca93c0284e88
 
       # Freeing up disk space with rm -rf can take multiple minutes. Since we don't need the extra free space
       # immediately, we remove the files in the background. However, we first move them to a different location
@@ -152,7 +152,6 @@ jobs:
 
           [Build]
           UseSubvolumes=yes
-          ToolsTree=default
           ToolsTreeDistribution=fedora
           ToolsTreeRelease=rawhide
 
@@ -171,7 +170,7 @@ jobs:
           [Content]
           SELinuxRelabel=${{ matrix.relabel }}
 
-          [Host]
+          [Runtime]
           QemuMem=4G
           EOF
 

.gitignore

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 .config.args
 .gdb_history
 .deps/
+.venv/
 .mypy_cache/
 __pycache__/
 /*.gcda

TODO

@@ -122,6 +122,18 @@ Deprecations and removals:
 
 Features:
 
+* importd: introduce a per-user instance, that downloads into per-user DDI dirs
+
+* sysupdated: similar
+
+* portabled: similar
+
+* machined: implement a per-user instance, that manages per-user DDI dirs for
+  images. systemd-nspawn/systemd-vmspawn should probably register with both the
+  system and the user scoped machined instance. The former to get the machine
+  name registered as hostname, and the latter so that the image stuff is nicely
+  per-user managed.
+
 * resolved: make resolved process DNR DHCP info
 
 * Teach systemd-ssh-generator to generated an /run/issue.d/ drop-in telling
@@ -391,8 +403,6 @@ Features:
   the bg via vmspawn/nspawn if not done so yet and then requests a shell inside
   it for the invoking user.
 
-* importd/…: define per-user dirs for container/VM images too.
-
 * add a new specifier to unit files that figures out the DDI the unit file is
   from, tracing through overlayfs, DM, loopback block device.
 
@@ -446,10 +456,6 @@ Features:
 * credentials: add a flag to the scoped credentials that if set require PK
   reauthentication when unlocking a secret.
 
-* teach systemd --user to properly load credentials off disk, with
-  /etc/credstore equivalent and similar. Make sure that $CREDENTIALS_DIRECTORY=
-  actually works too when run with user privs.
-
 * extend the smbios11 logic for passing credentials so that instead of passing
   the credential data literally it can also just reference an AF_VSOCK CID/port
   to read them from. This way the data doesn't remain in the SMBIOS blob during
@@ -795,7 +801,7 @@ Features:
 * udevd: extend memory pressure logic: also kill any idle worker processes
 
 * udevadm: to make symlink querying with udevadm nicer:
-  - do not enable the pager for queries like 'udevadm info -q -r symlink'
+  - do not enable the pager for queries like 'udevadm info -q symlink -r'
   - add mode with newlines instead of spaces (for grep)?
 
 * SIGRTMIN+18 and memory pressure handling should still be added to: hostnamed,

docs/HACKING.md

@@ -7,94 +7,97 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
 
 # Hacking on systemd
 
-We welcome all contributions to systemd.
-If you notice a bug or a missing feature, please feel invited to fix it, and submit your work as a
+We welcome all contributions to systemd. If you notice a bug or a missing
+feature, please feel invited to fix it, and submit your work as a
 [GitHub Pull Request (PR)](https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/new).
 
-Please make sure to follow our [Coding Style](/CODING_STYLE) when submitting patches.
-Also have a look at our [Contribution Guidelines](/CONTRIBUTING).
+Please make sure to follow our [Coding Style](/CODING_STYLE) when submitting
+patches. Also have a look at our [Contribution Guidelines](/CONTRIBUTING).
 
-When adding new functionality, tests should be added.
-For shared functionality (in `src/basic/` and `src/shared/`) unit tests should be sufficient.
-The general policy is to keep tests in matching files underneath `src/test/`,
-e.g. `src/test/test-path-util.c` contains tests for any functions in `src/basic/path-util.c`.
-If adding a new source file, consider adding a matching test executable.
-For features at a higher level, tests in `src/test/` are very strongly recommended.
-If that is not possible, integration tests in `test/` are encouraged.
+When adding new functionality, tests should be added. For shared functionality
+(in `src/basic/` and `src/shared/`) unit tests should be sufficient. The general
+policy is to keep tests in matching files underneath `src/test/`, e.g.
+`src/test/test-path-util.c` contains tests for any functions in
+`src/basic/path-util.c`. If adding a new source file, consider adding a matching
+test executable. For features at a higher level, tests in `src/test/` are very
+strongly recommended. If that is not possible, integration tests in `test/` are
+encouraged. Please always test your work before submitting a PR.
 
-Please always test your work before submitting a PR.
-For many of the components of systemd testing is straightforward as you can simply compile systemd and run the relevant tool from the build directory.
+## Hacking on systemd with mkosi
 
-For some components (most importantly, systemd/PID 1 itself) this is not possible, however.
-In order to simplify testing for cases like this we provide a set of `mkosi` config files directly in the source tree.
-[mkosi](https://mkosi.systemd.io/)
-is a tool for building clean OS images from an upstream distribution in combination with a fresh build of the project in the local working directory.
-To make use of this, please install `mkosi` from the [GitHub repository](https://github.com/systemd/mkosi#running-mkosi-from-the-repository).
-`mkosi` will build an image for the host distro by default.
-First, run `mkosi genkey` to generate a key and certificate to be used for secure boot and verity signing.
-After that is done, it is sufficient to type `mkosi` in the systemd project directory to generate a disk image you can boot either in `systemd-nspawn` or in a UEFI-capable VM:
+[mkosi](https://mkosi.systemd.io/) is our swiss army knife for hacking on
+systemd. It makes sure all necessary dependencies are available to build systemd
+and allows building and booting an OS image with the latest systemd installed
+for testing purposes.
+
+First, install `mkosi` from the
+[GitHub repository](https://github.com/systemd/mkosi#running-mkosi-from-the-repository).
+Note that it's not possible to use your distribution's packaged version of mkosi
+as mkosi has to be installed outside of `/usr` for the following steps to work.
+
+Then, you can build and run systemd executables as follows:
 
 ```sh
-$ sudo mkosi boot # nspawn still needs sudo for now
+$ mkosi -f sandbox meson setup build
+$ mkosi -f sandbox ninja -C build
+$ mkosi -f sandbox build/systemctl --version
 ```
 
-or:
+To build and boot an OS image with the latest systemd installed:
 
 ```sh
-$ mkosi qemu
+$ mkosi -f genkey                       # Generate signing keys once.
+$ mkosi -f sandbox ninja -C build mkosi # (re-)build the OS image
+$ sudo mkosi boot                       # Boot the image with systemd-nspawn.
+$ mkosi qemu                            # Boot the image with qemu.
 ```
 
-By default, the tools from your host system are used to build the image.
-Sometimes we start using mkosi features that rely on functionality in systemd
-tools that's not in an official release yet. In that case, you'll need to build
-systemd from source on the host and configure mkosi to use the tools from the
-systemd build directory.
-
-To do a local build, most distributions provide very simple and convenient ways
-to install most development packages necessary to build systemd:
+Putting this all together, here's a series of commands for preparing a patch for
+systemd:
 
 ```sh
-# Fedora
-$ sudo dnf builddep systemd
-# Debian/Ubuntu
-$ sudo apt-get build-dep systemd
-# Arch
-$ sudo pacman -S devtools
-$ pkgctl repo clone --protocol=https systemd
+$ git clone https://github.com/systemd/mkosi.git
+$ ln -s $PWD/mkosi/bin/mkosi ~/.local/bin/mkosi # Make sure ~/.local/bin is in $PATH.
+$ git clone https://github.com/systemd/systemd.git
 $ cd systemd
-$ makepkg -seoc
+$ git checkout -b <BRANCH>              # where BRANCH is the name of the branch
+$ $EDITOR src/core/main.c               # or wherever you'd like to make your changes
+$ mkosi -f sandbox meson setup build    # Set up meson
+$ mkosi -f genkey                       # Generate signing keys once.
+$ mkosi -f sandbox ninja -C build mkosi # (re-)build the test image
+$ mkosi qemu                            # Boot the image in qemu
+$ git add -p                            # interactively put together your patch
+$ git commit                            # commit it
+$ git push -u <REMOTE>                  # where REMOTE is your "fork" on GitHub
 ```
 
-After installing the development packages, systemd can be built from source as follows:
+And after that, head over to your repo on GitHub and click "Compare & pull
+request"
 
-```sh
-$ meson setup build <options>
-$ ninja -C build
-$ meson test -C build
-```
+Happy hacking!
 
-To have `mkosi` use the systemd tools from the `build/` directory, add the
-following to `mkosi.local.conf`:
+The following sections contain advanced topics on how to speed up development or
+streamline debugging. Feel free to read them if you're interested but they're
+not required to write basic patches.
+
+## Building the OS image without a tools tree
+
+By default, `mkosi` will first build a tools tree and use it build the image and
+provide the environment for `mkosi sandbox`. To disable the tools tree and use
+binaries from your host instead, write the following to `mkosi.local.conf`:
 
 ```conf
-[Host]
-ExtraSearchPaths=build/
+[Build]
+ToolsTree=
 ```
 
-And if you want `mkosi` to build a tools image and use the tools from there
-instead of looking for tools on the host, add the following to
-`mkosi.local.conf`:
+## Rebuilding systemd without rebuilding the OS image
 
-```conf
-[Host]
-ToolsTree=default
-```
-
-Every time you rerun the `mkosi` command a fresh image is built, incorporating
-all current changes you made to the project tree. To build the latest changes
-and re-install after booting the image, run one of the following commands in
-another terminal on your host (choose the right one depending on the
-distribution of the container or virtual machine):
+Every time the `mkosi` target is built, a fresh image is built. To build the
+latest changes and re-install systemd without rebuilding the image, run one of
+the following commands in another terminal on your host after booting the image
+(choose the right one depending on the distribution of the container or virtual
+machine):
 
 ```sh
 mkosi -t none && mkosi ssh dnf upgrade --disablerepo="*" --assumeyes "/work/build/*.rpm"             # CentOS/Fedora
@@ -107,26 +110,6 @@ and optionally restart the daemon(s) you're working on using
 `systemctl restart <units>` or `systemctl daemon-reexec` if you're working on
 pid1 or `systemctl soft-reboot` to restart everything.
 
-Putting this all together, here's a series of commands for preparing a patch for systemd:
-
-```sh
-$ git clone https://github.com/systemd/mkosi.git
-$ ln -s $PWD/mkosi/bin/mkosi /usr/local/bin/mkosi
-$ git clone https://github.com/systemd/systemd.git
-$ cd systemd
-$ git checkout -b <BRANCH>        # where BRANCH is the name of the branch
-$ vim src/core/main.c             # or wherever you'd like to make your changes
-$ mkosi -f qemu                   # (re-)build and boot up the test image in qemu
-$ mkosi -t none                   # Build new packages without rebuilding the image
-$ git add -p                      # interactively put together your patch
-$ git commit                      # commit it
-$ git push -u <REMOTE>            # where REMOTE is your "fork" on GitHub
-```
-
-And after that, head over to your repo on GitHub and click "Compare & pull request"
-
-Happy hacking!
-
 ## Building distribution packages with mkosi
 
 To build distribution packages for a specific distribution and release without
@@ -201,67 +184,6 @@ Those are not useful when compiling for distribution and can be disabled by sett
 
 See [Testing systemd using sanitizers](/TESTING_WITH_SANITIZERS) for more information on how to build with sanitizers enabled in mkosi.
 
-## Fuzzers
-
-systemd includes fuzzers in `src/fuzz/` that use libFuzzer and are automatically run by [OSS-Fuzz](https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz) with sanitizers.
-To add a fuzz target, create a new `src/fuzz/fuzz-foo.c` file with a `LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput` function and add it to the list in `src/fuzz/meson.build`.
-
-Whenever possible, a seed corpus and a dictionary should also be added with new fuzz targets.
-The dictionary should be named `src/fuzz/fuzz-foo.dict` and the seed corpus should be built and exported as `$OUT/fuzz-foo_seed_corpus.zip` in `tools/oss-fuzz.sh`.
-
-The fuzzers can be built locally if you have libFuzzer installed by running `tools/oss-fuzz.sh`, or by running:
-
-```sh
-CC=clang CXX=clang++ \
-meson setup build-libfuzz -Dllvm-fuzz=true -Db_sanitize=address,undefined -Db_lundef=false \
--Dc_args='-fno-omit-frame-pointer -DFUZZING_BUILD_MODE_UNSAFE_FOR_PRODUCTION'
-ninja -C build-libfuzz fuzzers
-```
-
-Each fuzzer then can be then run manually together with a directory containing the initial corpus:
-
-```
-export UBSAN_OPTIONS=print_stacktrace=1:print_summary=1:halt_on_error=1
-build-libfuzz/fuzz-varlink-idl test/fuzz/fuzz-varlink-idl/
-```
-
-Note: the `halt_on_error=1` UBSan option is especially important,
-otherwise the fuzzer won't crash when undefined behavior is triggered.
-
-You should also confirm that the fuzzers can be built and run using
-[the OSS-Fuzz toolchain](https://google.github.io/oss-fuzz/advanced-topics/reproducing/#building-using-docker):
-
-```sh
-path_to_systemd=...
-
-git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz
-cd oss-fuzz
-
-for sanitizer in address undefined memory; do
-for engine in libfuzzer afl honggfuzz; do
-./infra/helper.py build_fuzzers --sanitizer "$sanitizer" --engine "$engine" \
---clean systemd "$path_to_systemd"
-
-./infra/helper.py check_build --sanitizer "$sanitizer" --engine "$engine" \
--e ALLOWED_BROKEN_TARGETS_PERCENTAGE=0 systemd
-done
-done
-
-./infra/helper.py build_fuzzers --clean --architecture i386 systemd "$path_to_systemd"
-./infra/helper.py check_build --architecture i386 -e ALLOWED_BROKEN_TARGETS_PERCENTAGE=0 systemd
-
-./infra/helper.py build_fuzzers --clean --sanitizer coverage systemd "$path_to_systemd"
-./infra/helper.py coverage --no-corpus-download systemd
-```
-
-If you find a bug that impacts the security of systemd,
-please follow the guidance in [CONTRIBUTING.md](/CONTRIBUTING) on how to report a security vulnerability.
-
-For more details on building fuzzers and integrating with OSS-Fuzz, visit:
-
-- [Setting up a new project - OSS-Fuzz](https://google.github.io/oss-fuzz/getting-started/new-project-guide/)
-- [Tutorials - OSS-Fuzz](https://google.github.io/oss-fuzz/reference/useful-links/#tutorials)
-
 ## Debugging binaries that need to run as root in vscode
 
 When trying to debug binaries that need to run as root,

hwdb.d/20-net-ifname.hwdb

@@ -3,3 +3,7 @@
 # Dell iDRAC Virtual USB NIC
 usb:v413CpA102*
  ID_NET_NAME_FROM_DATABASE=idrac
+
+# Disable inclusion of PCI domain in interface names on Azure MANA
+pci:v00001414d000000BA*
+ ID_NET_NAME_INCLUDE_DOMAIN=0

hwdb.d/60-keyboard.hwdb

@@ -1451,10 +1451,15 @@ evdev:input:b0003v046DpC309*
  KEYBOARD_KEY_c01b6=images                              # My Pictures (F11)
  KEYBOARD_KEY_c01b7=audio                               # My Music (F12)
 
+# The wireless receiver b0003v046Dp4092* seems to be used by multiple models.
+# See issue #35691. Hence, the entry below cannot be enabled by default. If
+# you're using the model below, consider copying the entry to a custom hwdb
+# file to enable the setting.
+#
 # Logitech MX Keys for Mac
-evdev:input:b0003v046Dp4092*
- KEYBOARD_KEY_70035=102nd                               # '<' key
- KEYBOARD_KEY_70064=grave                               # '^' key
+#evdev:input:b0003v046Dp4092*
+# KEYBOARD_KEY_70035=102nd                               # '<' key
+# KEYBOARD_KEY_70064=grave                               # '^' key
 
 ###########################################################
 # Maxdata

man/fido2-crypttab.sh

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ sudo systemd-cryptsetup attach mytest /dev/sdXn - fido2-device=auto
 # If that worked, let's now add the same line persistently to /etc/crypttab,
 # for the future. We don't want to use the (unstable) /dev/sdX name, so let's
 # figure out a stable link:
-udevadm info -q -r symlink /dev/sdXn
+udevadm info -q symlink -r /dev/sdXn
 
 # Now add the line using the by-uuid symlink to /etc/crypttab:
 sudo bash -c 'echo "mytest /dev/disk/by-uuid/... - fido2-device=auto" >>/etc/crypttab'

man/kernel-command-line.xml

@@ -97,6 +97,18 @@
         </listitem>
       </varlistentry>
 
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><varname>systemd.break=</varname></term>
+        <term><varname>rd.systemd.break=</varname></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Parameters understood by
+          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-debug-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+          to pause the boot process at a certain point and spawn a debug shell.</para>
+
+          <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v258"/>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
       <varlistentry>
         <term><varname>systemd.run=</varname></term>
         <term><varname>systemd.run_success_action=</varname></term>

man/systemd-analyze.xml

@@ -205,6 +205,11 @@
       <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
       <arg choice="plain">smbios11</arg>
     </cmdsynopsis>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>systemd-analyze</command>
+      <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
+      <arg choice="plain">chid</arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
   </refsynopsisdiv>
 
   <refsect1>
@@ -1084,6 +1089,37 @@ io.systemd.credential:vmm.notify_socket=vsock-stream:2:254570042
       <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v257"/>
     </refsect2>
 
+    <refsect2>
+      <title><command>systemd-analyze chid</command></title>
+
+      <para>Shows a list of Computer Hardware IDs (CHIDs) of the local system. These IDs identify the
+      system's computer hardware, based on SMBIOS data. See <ulink
+      url="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/dashboard/using-chids">Using Computer
+      Hardware IDs (CHIDs)</ulink> for details about CHIDs.</para>
+
+      <example>
+        <title>Example output</title>
+        <programlisting>$ systemd-analyze chid
+TYPE INPUT  CHID
+   3 MFPSmp 520537c0-3b59-504f-b062-9682ea236b21
+   4 MFPS-- edf05dc8-a53d-5b2c-8023-630bca2a2463
+   5 MFP--- ebc6a4d9-ec48-537a-916b-c69fa4fdd814
+   6 M--Smp 5ebe4bba-f598-5e90-9ff2-9fd0d3211465
+   7 M--S-- 1a3fb835-b42a-5f9c-a38c-eff5bfd5c41d
+   8 M-P-mp 2a831dce-8163-5bad-8406-435b8c752dd8
+   9 M-P--- 7c21c878-4a75-50f7-9816-21e811588da0
+  10 MF--mp 9a003537-bcc5-500e-b10a-8d8892e4fc64
+  11 MF---- bb9122bb-8a5c-50d2-a742-a85beb719909
+  13 M---mp bfc36935-5032-5987-a0a3-6311f01de33a
+
+LEGEND: M → sys_vendor (LENOVO) ┄ F → product_family (ThinkPad X1 Carbon Gen 9) ┄ P → product_name (20XW0055GE)
+        S → product_sku (LENOVO_MT_20XW_BU_Think_FM_ThinkPad X1 Carbon Gen 9) ┄ m → board_vendor (LENOVO)
+        p → board_name (20XW0055GE)</programlisting>
+      </example>
+
+      <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v258"/>
+    </refsect2>
+
   </refsect1>
 
   <refsect1>

man/systemd-debug-generator.xml

@@ -31,45 +31,131 @@
   <refsect1>
     <title>Description</title>
 
-    <para><filename>systemd-debug-generator</filename> is a generator
-    that reads the kernel command line and understands three
-    options:</para>
+    <para><command>systemd-debug-generator</command> is a generator that provides some debugging
+    functionality.</para>
 
-    <para>If the <option>systemd.mask=</option> or <option>rd.systemd.mask=</option>
-    option is specified and followed by a unit name, this unit is
-    masked for the runtime (i.e. for this session — from boot to shutdown), similarly to the effect of
-    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
-    <command>mask</command> command. This is useful to boot with
-    certain units removed from the initial boot transaction for
-    debugging system startup. May be specified more than once.
-    <option>rd.systemd.mask=</option> is honored only by initial
-    RAM disk (initrd) while <option>systemd.mask=</option> is
-    honored only in the main system.</para>
-
-    <para>If the <option>systemd.wants=</option> or
-    <option>rd.systemd.wants=</option> option is specified
-    and followed by a unit name, a start job for this unit is added to
-    the initial transaction. This is useful to start one or more
-    additional units at boot. May be specified more than once.
-    <option>rd.systemd.wants=</option> is honored only by initial
-    RAM disk (initrd) while <option>systemd.wants=</option> is
-    honored only in the main system.</para>
-
-    <para>If the <option>systemd.debug_shell</option> or <option>rd.systemd.debug_shell</option> option is
-    specified, the debug shell service <literal>debug-shell.service</literal> is pulled into the boot
-    transaction and a debug shell will be spawned during early boot. By default,
-    <filename>&DEBUGTTY;</filename> is used, but a specific tty can also be specified, either with or without
-    the <filename>/dev/</filename> prefix. To set the tty to use without enabling the debug shell, the
-    <option>systemd.default_debug_tty=</option> option can be used which also takes a tty with or without the
-    <filename>/dev/</filename> prefix. Note that the shell may also be turned on persistently by enabling it
-    with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
-    <command>enable</command> command. <option>rd.systemd.debug_shell</option> is honored only by initial
-    RAM disk (initrd) while <option>systemd.debug_shell</option> is honored only in the main system.</para>
-
-    <para><filename>systemd-debug-generator</filename> implements
+    <para><command>systemd-debug-generator</command> implements
     <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
   </refsect1>
 
+  <refsect1>
+    <title>Kernel Command Line</title>
+
+    <para><command>systemd-debug-generator</command> understands the following kernel command line
+    parameters:</para>
+
+    <variablelist class='kernel-commandline-options'>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><varname>systemd.mask=</varname></term>
+        <term><varname>rd.systemd.mask=</varname></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>These options take a unit name as argument. The unit specified is masked for the
+        runtime (i.e. for this session — from boot to shutdown), similarly to the effect of
+        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
+        <command>mask</command> command. This is useful to boot with certain units removed from the initial
+        boot transaction for debugging system startup. May be specified more than once. The option prefixed
+        with <literal>rd.</literal> is honored only in the initrd, while the one without prefix is only
+        honored in the main system.</para>
+
+        <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v215"/></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><varname>systemd.wants=</varname></term>
+        <term><varname>rd.systemd.wants=</varname></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>These options take a unit name as argument. A start job for this unit is added to the
+        initial transaction. This is useful to start one or more additional units at boot. May be specified
+        more than once. The option prefixed with <literal>rd.</literal> is honored only in the initrd, while
+        the one that is not prefixed only in the main system.</para>
+
+        <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v215"/></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><varname>systemd.debug_shell</varname></term>
+        <term><varname>rd.systemd.debug_shell</varname></term>
+        <term><varname>systemd.default_debug_tty=</varname></term>
+        <term><varname>rd.systemd.default_debug_tty=</varname></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>If the <option>systemd.debug_shell</option> or
+        <option>rd.systemd.debug_shell</option> option is specified, the debug shell service
+        <literal>debug-shell.service</literal> is pulled into the boot transaction and a debug shell will be
+        spawned during early boot. By default, <filename>&DEBUGTTY;</filename> is used, but a specific tty
+        can also be specified, either with or without the <filename>/dev/</filename> prefix. To set the tty
+        to use without enabling the debug shell, the <option>systemd.default_debug_tty=</option> option can
+        be used which also takes a tty with or without the <filename>/dev/</filename> prefix. Note that the
+        shell may also be turned on persistently by enabling it with
+        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
+        <command>enable</command> command. The options prefixed with <literal>rd.</literal> are honored only
+        in the initrd, while the ones without prefix are only honored in the main system.</para>
+
+        <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v215"/></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><varname>systemd.break=</varname></term>
+        <term><varname>rd.systemd.break=</varname></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Takes one of <option>pre-udev</option>, <option>pre-basic</option>,
+        <option>pre-mount</option>, or <option>pre-switch-root</option> (the default for the
+        <literal>rd.</literal> option). It also accepts multiple values separated by comma
+        (<literal>,</literal>). These options allow to pause the boot process at a certain point and spawn a
+        debug shell. After exiting this shell, the system will resume booting. The option prefixed with
+        <literal>rd.</literal> is honored only in the initrd, while the one without prefix is only honored in
+        the main system.</para>
+
+        <table>
+          <title>Available breakpoints</title>
+
+          <tgroup cols='4'>
+            <colspec colname='breakpoint' />
+            <colspec colname='description' />
+            <colspec colname='initrd' />
+            <colspec colname='main' />
+            <thead>
+              <row>
+                <entry>Breakpoints</entry>
+                <entry>Description</entry>
+                <entry>Can be used in the initrd</entry>
+                <entry>Can be used in the main system</entry>
+              </row>
+            </thead>
+            <tbody>
+              <row>
+                <entry><option>pre-udev</option></entry>
+                <entry>Before starting to process kernel uevents, i.e., before <filename>systemd-udevd.service</filename> starts.</entry>
+                <entry>✓</entry>
+                <entry>✓</entry>
+              </row>
+              <row>
+                <entry><option>pre-basic</option></entry>
+                <entry>Before leaving early boot and regular services start, i.e., before <filename>basic.target</filename> is reached.</entry>
+                <entry>✓</entry>
+                <entry>✓</entry>
+              </row>
+              <row>
+                <entry><option>pre-mount</option></entry>
+                <entry>Before the root filesystem is mounted, i.e., before <filename>sysroot.mount</filename> starts.</entry>
+                <entry>✓</entry>
+                <entry>✗</entry>
+              </row>
+              <row>
+                <entry><option>pre-switch-root</option></entry>
+                <entry>Before switching from the initrd to the real root.</entry>
+                <entry>✓</entry>
+                <entry>✗</entry>
+              </row>
+            </tbody>
+          </tgroup>
+        </table>
+
+        <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v258"/></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
   <refsect1>
     <title>System Credentials</title>
 
@@ -108,6 +194,8 @@
       <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
       <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
       <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>kernel-command-line</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
+      <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.system-credentials</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
+      <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>bootup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
     </simplelist></para>
   </refsect1>
 

man/systemd-dissect.xml

@@ -503,6 +503,17 @@
         <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v254"/></listitem>
       </varlistentry>
 
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><option>--system</option></term>
+        <term><option>--user</option></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>When used together with <option>--discover</option> controls whether to search for
+        images installed system-wide or in the user's directories in <varname>$HOME</varname>. If neither
+        switch is specified, will search within both scopes.</para>
+
+        <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v258"/></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
       <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="image-policy-open" />
       <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-pager" />
       <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-legend" />

man/systemd.exec.xml

@@ -3468,37 +3468,43 @@ StandardInputData=V2XigLJyZSBubyBzdHJhbmdlcnMgdG8gbG92ZQpZb3Uga25vdyB0aGUgcnVsZX
         <term><varname>LoadCredentialEncrypted=</varname><replaceable>ID</replaceable><optional>:<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></optional></term>
 
         <listitem><para>Pass a credential to the unit. Credentials are limited-size binary or textual objects
-        that may be passed to unit processes. They are primarily used for passing cryptographic keys (both
-        public and private) or certificates, user account information or identity information from host to
-        services. The data is accessible from the unit's processes via the file system, at a read-only
-        location that (if possible and permitted) is backed by non-swappable memory. The data is only
-        accessible to the user associated with the unit, via the
-        <varname>User=</varname>/<varname>DynamicUser=</varname> settings (as well as the superuser). When
-        available, the location of credentials is exported as the <varname>$CREDENTIALS_DIRECTORY</varname>
-        environment variable to the unit's processes.</para>
+        that may be passed to unit processes. They are primarily intended for passing cryptographic keys
+        (both public and private) or certificates, user account information or identity information from host
+        to services, but can be freely used to pass any kind of limited-size information to a service. The
+        data is accessible from the unit's processes via the file system, at a read-only location that (if
+        possible and permitted) is backed by non-swappable memory. The data is only accessible to the user
+        associated with the unit, via the <varname>User=</varname>/<varname>DynamicUser=</varname> settings
+        (as well as the superuser). When available, the location of credentials is exported as the
+        <varname>$CREDENTIALS_DIRECTORY</varname> environment variable to the unit's processes.</para>
 
         <para>The <varname>LoadCredential=</varname> setting takes a textual ID to use as name for a
         credential plus a file system path, separated by a colon. The ID must be a short ASCII string
         suitable as filename in the filesystem, and may be chosen freely by the user. If the specified path
         is absolute it is opened as regular file and the credential data is read from it. If the absolute
         path refers to an <constant>AF_UNIX</constant> stream socket in the file system a connection is made
-        to it (only once at unit start-up) and the credential data read from the connection, providing an
+        to it (once at process invocation) and the credential data read from the connection, providing an
         easy IPC integration point for dynamically transferring credentials from other services.</para>
 
         <para>If the specified path is not absolute and itself qualifies as valid credential identifier it is
         attempted to find a credential that the service manager itself received under the specified name —
         which may be used to propagate credentials from an invoking environment (e.g. a container manager
-        that invoked the service manager) into a service. If no matching system credential is found, the
-        directories <filename>/etc/credstore/</filename>, <filename>/run/credstore/</filename> and
-        <filename>/usr/lib/credstore/</filename> are searched for files under the credential's name — which
-        hence are recommended locations for credential data on disk. If
+        that invoked the service manager) into a service. If no matching passed credential is found, the
+        system service manager will search the directories <filename>/etc/credstore/</filename>,
+        <filename>/run/credstore/</filename> and <filename>/usr/lib/credstore/</filename> for files under the
+        credential's name — which hence are recommended locations for credential data on disk. If
         <varname>LoadCredentialEncrypted=</varname> is used <filename>/run/credstore.encrypted/</filename>,
         <filename>/etc/credstore.encrypted/</filename>, and
-        <filename>/usr/lib/credstore.encrypted/</filename> are searched as well.</para>
+        <filename>/usr/lib/credstore.encrypted/</filename> are searched as well. The per-user service manager
+        will search <filename>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/credstore/</filename>,
+        <filename>$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/credstore/</filename>, <filename>$HOME/.local/lib/credstore/</filename>
+        (and the counterparts ending with <filename>…/credstore.encrypted/</filename>) instead. The
+        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-path</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> tool
+        may be used to query the precise credential store search path.</para>
 
         <para>If the file system path is omitted it is chosen identical to the credential name, i.e. this is
-        a terse way to declare credentials to inherit from the service manager into a service. This option
-        may be used multiple times, each time defining an additional credential to pass to the unit.</para>
+        a terse way to declare credentials to inherit from the service manager or credstore directories into
+        a service. This option may be used multiple times, each time defining an additional credential to
+        pass to the unit.</para>
 
         <para>Note that if the path is not specified or a valid credential identifier is given, i.e.
         in the above two cases, a missing credential is not considered fatal.</para>

man/sysupdate.d.xml

@@ -672,7 +672,7 @@
 
         <listitem><para>Specifies what anchor point <varname>Path=</varname> should be relative to. Takes one
         of <constant>root</constant>, <constant>esp</constant>, <constant>xbootldr</constant>,
-        <constant>boot</constant> or <constant>directory</constant>. If unspecified, defaults to
+        <constant>boot</constant> or <constant>explicit</constant>. If unspecified, defaults to
         <constant>root</constant>.</para>
 
         <para>If set to <constant>root</constant>, <constant>esp</constant>, <constant>xbootldr</constant>,

man/sysupdate.features.xml

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
         XML file.
         This may be used by software centers (such as GNOME Software or KDE Discover) to present rich
         metadata about this feature.
-        This includes display names, chagnelogs, icons, and more.
+        This includes display names, changelogs, icons, and more.
         This setting supports specifier expansion; see below for details on supported specifiers.</para>
 
         <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v257"/></listitem>
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ Enabled=false
 </programlisting></para>
 
       <para>The above defines the <literal>devel</literal> feature, and disables it by default.
-      Now let's a define a transfer that's associated with this feature:</para>
+      Now let's define a transfer that's associated with this feature:</para>
 
       <para><programlisting># /usr/lib/sysupdate.d/50-devel.transfer
 [Transfer]

man/tpm2-crypttab.sh

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ sudo systemd-cryptsetup attach mytest /dev/sdXn - tpm2-device=auto
 # If that worked, let's now add the same line persistently to /etc/crypttab,
 # for the future. We don't want to use the (unstable) /dev/sdX name, so let's
 # figure out a stable link:
-udevadm info -q -r symlink /dev/sdXn
+udevadm info -q symlink -r /dev/sdXn
 
 # Now add the line using the by-uuid symlink to /etc/crypttab:
 sudo bash -c 'echo "mytest /dev/disk/by-uuid/... - tpm2-device=auto" >>/etc/crypttab'

man/yubikey-crypttab.sh

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ sudo systemd-cryptsetup attach mytest /dev/sdXn - pkcs11-uri=auto
 # If that worked, let's now add the same line persistently to /etc/crypttab,
 # for the future. We don't want to use the (unstable) /dev/sdX name, so let's
 # figure out a stable link:
-udevadm info -q -r symlink /dev/sdXn
+udevadm info -q symlink -r /dev/sdXn
 
 # Now add the line using the by-uuid symlink to /etc/crypttab:
 sudo bash -c 'echo "mytest /dev/disk/by-uuid/... - pkcs11-uri=auto" >>/etc/crypttab'

mkosi.clangd

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
+set -e
 
 if command -v flatpak-spawn >/dev/null; then
     SPAWN=(flatpak-spawn --host)
@@ -7,7 +8,7 @@ else
     SPAWN=()
 fi
 
-MKOSI_CONFIG="$("${SPAWN[@]}" --host mkosi --json summary | jq -r .Images[-1])"
+MKOSI_CONFIG="$("${SPAWN[@]}" mkosi --json summary | jq -r .Images[-1])"
 DISTRIBUTION="$(jq -r .Distribution <<< "$MKOSI_CONFIG")"
 RELEASE="$(jq -r .Release <<< "$MKOSI_CONFIG")"
 ARCH="$(jq -r .Architecture <<< "$MKOSI_CONFIG")"

mkosi.conf

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ RepartDirectories=mkosi.repart
 OutputDirectory=build/mkosi.output
 
 [Build]
+ToolsTree=default
 BuildDirectory=build/mkosi.builddir
 CacheDirectory=build/mkosi.cache
 BuildSourcesEphemeral=yes
@@ -130,7 +131,7 @@ Packages=
         zsh
         zstd
 
-[Host]
+[Runtime]
 Credentials=
         journal.storage=persistent
         tty.serial.hvc0.agetty.autologin=root

mkosi.conf.d/05-tools/mkosi.conf

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 [Build]
 ToolsTreePackages=
         gcc
+        gdb
         gperf
         lcov
         llvm

mkosi.conf.d/05-tools/mkosi.conf.d/centos.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
+
+[Match]
+ToolsTreeDistribution=centos
+
+[Build]
+ToolsTreeRepositories=epel,epel-next

mkosi.conf.d/05-tools/mkosi.conf.d/opensuse.conf

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ ToolsTreeDistribution=opensuse
 
 [Build]
 ToolsTreePackages=
+        libz1
         gh
         mypy
         pkgconfig(blkid)

mkosi.conf.d/20-extra-search-path.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
+
+[Match]
+PathExists=build/
+
+[Build]
+ExtraSearchPaths=build/

mkosi.postinst.chroot

@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ if command -v authselect >/dev/null; then
 
     authselect select "$PROFILE"
 
-    if authselect list-features "$PROFILE" | grep -q "with-homed"; then
-        authselect enable-feature with-homed
+    if authselect list-features "$PROFILE" | grep -q "with-systemd-homed"; then
+        authselect enable-feature with-systemd-homed
     fi
 fi
 

po/fi.po

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
 "POT-Creation-Date: 2024-11-28 18:16+0900\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-11-20 19:13+0000\n"
-"Last-Translator: Jiri Grönroos <jiri.gronroos@iki.fi>\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-12-20 15:38+0000\n"
+"Last-Translator: Ricky Tigg <ricky.tigg@gmail.com>\n"
 "Language-Team: Finnish <https://translate.fedoraproject.org/projects/systemd/"
 "main/fi/>\n"
 "Language: fi\n"
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n != 1;\n"
-"X-Generator: Weblate 5.8.2\n"
+"X-Generator: Weblate 5.9.1\n"
 
 #: src/core/org.freedesktop.systemd1.policy.in:22
 msgid "Send passphrase back to system"
@@ -1176,9 +1176,8 @@ msgid "Manage optional features"
 msgstr "Hallitse valinnaisia ominaisuuksia"
 
 #: src/sysupdate/org.freedesktop.sysupdate1.policy:76
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "Authentication is required to manage optional features."
-msgstr "Todennus vaaditaan valinnaisten ominaisuuksien hallintaan"
+msgstr "Todennus vaaditaan valinnaisten ominaisuuksien hallintaan."
 
 #: src/timedate/org.freedesktop.timedate1.policy:22
 msgid "Set system time"

shell-completion/bash/systemd-analyze

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ _systemd_analyze() {
     )
 
     local -A VERBS=(
-        [STANDALONE]='time blame unit-files unit-paths exit-status compare-versions calendar timestamp timespan pcrs srk has-tpm2 smbios11'
+        [STANDALONE]='time blame unit-files unit-paths exit-status compare-versions calendar timestamp timespan pcrs srk has-tpm2 smbios11 chid'
         [CRITICAL_CHAIN]='critical-chain'
         [DOT]='dot'
         [DUMP]='dump'

shell-completion/bash/systemd-dissect

@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ _systemd_dissect() {
     local cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]} prev_1=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]} prev_2=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-2]} words cword
     local -A OPTS=(
         [STANDALONE]='-h --help --version
+                     --user
+                     --system
                      --discover
                      --no-pager
                      --no-legend

src/analyze/analyze-chid.c

@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include "analyze.h"
+#include "analyze-chid.h"
+#include "chid-fundamental.h"
+#include "efi-api.h"
+#include "escape.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "format-table.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "virt.h"
+
+static int parse_chid_type(const char *s, size_t *ret) {
+        unsigned u;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        r = safe_atou(s, &u);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (u >= CHID_TYPES_MAX)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        if (ret)
+                *ret = u;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *const chid_smbios_friendly[_CHID_SMBIOS_FIELDS_MAX] = {
+        [CHID_SMBIOS_MANUFACTURER]           = "manufacturer",
+        [CHID_SMBIOS_FAMILY]                 = "family",
+        [CHID_SMBIOS_PRODUCT_NAME]           = "product-name",
+        [CHID_SMBIOS_PRODUCT_SKU]            = "product-sku",
+        [CHID_SMBIOS_BASEBOARD_MANUFACTURER] = "baseboard-manufacturer",
+        [CHID_SMBIOS_BASEBOARD_PRODUCT]      = "baseboard-product",
+        [CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_VENDOR]            = "bios-vendor",
+        [CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_VERSION]           = "bios-version",
+        [CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_MAJOR]             = "bios-major",
+        [CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_MINOR]             = "bios-minor",
+        [CHID_SMBIOS_ENCLOSURE_TYPE]         = "enclosure-type",
+};
+
+static const char chid_smbios_fields_char[_CHID_SMBIOS_FIELDS_MAX] = {
+        [CHID_SMBIOS_MANUFACTURER]           = 'M',
+        [CHID_SMBIOS_FAMILY]                 = 'F',
+        [CHID_SMBIOS_PRODUCT_NAME]           = 'P',
+        [CHID_SMBIOS_PRODUCT_SKU]            = 'S',
+        [CHID_SMBIOS_BASEBOARD_MANUFACTURER] = 'm',
+        [CHID_SMBIOS_BASEBOARD_PRODUCT]      = 'p',
+        [CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_VENDOR]            = 'B',
+        [CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_VERSION]           = 'v',
+        [CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_MAJOR]             = 'R',
+        [CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_MINOR]             = 'r',
+        [CHID_SMBIOS_ENCLOSURE_TYPE]         = 'e',
+};
+
+static char *chid_smbios_fields_string(uint32_t combination) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+
+        for (ChidSmbiosFields f = 0; f < _CHID_SMBIOS_FIELDS_MAX; f++) {
+                char c;
+
+                c = (combination & (UINT32_C(1) << f)) ? chid_smbios_fields_char[f] : '-';
+
+                if (!strextend(&s, CHAR_TO_STR(c)))
+                        return NULL;
+        }
+
+        return TAKE_PTR(s);
+}
+
+static int add_chid(Table *table, const EFI_GUID guids[static CHID_TYPES_MAX], size_t t) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(table);
+        assert(guids);
+        assert(t < CHID_TYPES_MAX);
+
+        sd_id128_t id = efi_guid_to_id128(guids + t);
+
+        if (sd_id128_is_null(id))
+                return 0;
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *flags = chid_smbios_fields_string(chid_smbios_table[t]);
+        if (!flags)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = table_add_many(table,
+                           TABLE_UINT, (unsigned) t,
+                           TABLE_STRING, flags,
+                           TABLE_UUID, id);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return table_log_add_error(r);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static void smbios_fields_free(char16_t *(*fields)[_CHID_SMBIOS_FIELDS_MAX]) {
+        assert(fields);
+
+        FOREACH_ARRAY(i, *fields, _CHID_SMBIOS_FIELDS_MAX)
+                free(*i);
+}
+
+static int smbios_fields_acquire(char16_t *fields[static _CHID_SMBIOS_FIELDS_MAX]) {
+
+        static const char *const smbios_files[_CHID_SMBIOS_FIELDS_MAX] = {
+                [CHID_SMBIOS_MANUFACTURER]           = "sys_vendor",
+                [CHID_SMBIOS_FAMILY]                 = "product_family",
+                [CHID_SMBIOS_PRODUCT_NAME]           = "product_name",
+                [CHID_SMBIOS_PRODUCT_SKU]            = "product_sku",
+                [CHID_SMBIOS_BASEBOARD_MANUFACTURER] = "board_vendor",
+                [CHID_SMBIOS_BASEBOARD_PRODUCT]      = "board_name",
+                [CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_VENDOR]            = "bios_vendor",
+                [CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_VERSION]           = "bios_version",
+                [CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_MAJOR]             = "bios_release",
+                [CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_MINOR]             = "bios_release",
+                [CHID_SMBIOS_ENCLOSURE_TYPE]         = "chassis_type",
+        };
+
+        int r;
+
+        _cleanup_close_ int smbios_fd = open("/sys/class/dmi/id", O_RDONLY|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC);
+        if (smbios_fd < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open SMBIOS sysfs object: %m");
+
+        for (ChidSmbiosFields f = 0; f < _CHID_SMBIOS_FIELDS_MAX; f++) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
+                size_t size;
+
+                /* According to the CHID spec we should not generate CHIDs for SMBIOS fields that aren't set
+                 * or are set to an empty string. Hence leave them NULL here. */
+
+                if (!smbios_files[f])
+                        continue;
+
+                r = read_virtual_file_at(smbios_fd, smbios_files[f], SIZE_MAX, &buf, &size);
+                if (r == -ENOENT) {
+                        log_debug_errno(r, "SMBIOS field '%s' not set, skipping.", smbios_files[f]);
+                        continue;
+                }
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to read SMBIOS field '%s': %m", smbios_files[f]);
+
+                if (size == 0 || (size == 1 && buf[0] == '\n')) {
+                        log_debug("SMBIOS field '%s' is empty, skipping.", smbios_files[f]);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (buf[size-1] != '\n')
+                        return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Expected SMBIOS field '%s' to end in newline, but it doesn't, refusing.", smbios_files[f]);
+
+                buf[size-1] = 0;
+                size--;
+
+                switch (f) {
+
+                case CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_MAJOR:
+                case CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_MINOR: {
+                        /* The kernel exposes this a string <major>.<minor>, split them apart again. */
+                        char *dot = memchr(buf, '.', size);
+                        if (!dot)
+                                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "BIOS release field '%s' contains no dot?", smbios_files[f]);
+
+                        const char *p;
+                        if (f == CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_MAJOR) {
+                                *dot = 0;
+                                p = buf;
+                        } else {
+                                assert(f == CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_MINOR);
+                                p = dot + 1;
+                        }
+
+                        /* The kernel exports the enclosure in decimal, we need it in hex (zero left-padded) */
+
+                        uint8_t u;
+                        r = safe_atou8(p, &u);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse BIOS release: %s", p);
+
+                        buf = mfree(buf);
+                        if (asprintf(&buf, "%02x", u) < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        size = strlen(buf);
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case CHID_SMBIOS_ENCLOSURE_TYPE: {
+                        /* The kernel exports the enclosure in decimal, we need it in hex (no padding!) */
+
+                        uint8_t u;
+                        r = safe_atou8(buf, &u);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse enclosure type: %s", buf);
+
+                        buf = mfree(buf);
+                        if (u == 0)
+                                buf = strdup(""); /* zero is mapped to empty string */
+                        else
+                                (void) asprintf(&buf, "%x", u);
+                        if (!buf)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        size = strlen(buf);
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                default:
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                fields[f] = utf8_to_utf16(buf, size);
+                if (!fields[f])
+                        return log_oom();
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int verb_chid(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_(table_unrefp) Table *table = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        if (detect_container() > 0)
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ENOTRECOVERABLE), "Container environments do not have SMBIOS.");
+
+        table = table_new("type", "input", "chid");
+        if (!table)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        (void) table_set_align_percent(table, table_get_cell(table, 0, 0), 100);
+        (void) table_set_align_percent(table, table_get_cell(table, 0, 1), 50);
+
+        _cleanup_(smbios_fields_free) char16_t* smbios_fields[_CHID_SMBIOS_FIELDS_MAX] = {};
+        r = smbios_fields_acquire(smbios_fields);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        EFI_GUID chids[CHID_TYPES_MAX] = {};
+        chid_calculate((const char16_t* const*) smbios_fields, chids);
+
+        if (strv_isempty(strv_skip(argv, 1)))
+                for (size_t t = 0; t < CHID_TYPES_MAX; t++) {
+                        r = add_chid(table, chids, t);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+        else {
+                STRV_FOREACH(as, strv_skip(argv, 1)) {
+                        size_t t;
+                        r = parse_chid_type(*as, &t);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to pare CHID type: %s", *as);
+
+                        r = add_chid(table, chids, t);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+
+                (void) table_set_sort(table, (size_t) 0);
+        }
+
+        r = table_print_with_pager(table, arg_json_format_flags, arg_pager_flags, arg_legend);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to output table: %m");
+
+        if (!sd_json_format_enabled(arg_json_format_flags)) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *legend = NULL;
+                bool separator = false;
+                size_t w = 0;
+
+                legend = strjoin(ansi_grey(), "LEGEND: ", ansi_normal());
+                if (!legend)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                for (ChidSmbiosFields f = 0; f < _CHID_SMBIOS_FIELDS_MAX; f++) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *c = NULL;
+
+                        if (smbios_fields[f]) {
+                                _cleanup_free_ char *u = NULL;
+
+                                u = utf16_to_utf8(smbios_fields[f], SIZE_MAX);
+                                if (!u)
+                                        return log_oom();
+
+                                c = cescape(u);
+                                if (!c)
+                                        return log_oom();
+                        }
+
+                        if (!strextend(&legend,
+                                       ansi_grey(),
+                                       separator ? " " : "",
+                                       separator ? special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_HORIZONTAL_DOTTED) : "",
+                                       separator ? " " : "",
+                                       ansi_normal(),
+                                       CHAR_TO_STR(chid_smbios_fields_char[f]),
+                                       ansi_grey(),
+                                       " ",
+                                       special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_RIGHT),
+                                       " ",
+                                       ansi_normal(),
+                                       chid_smbios_friendly[f],
+                                       ansi_grey(),
+                                       " (",
+                                       c ? ansi_highlight() : ansi_grey(),
+                                       strna(c),
+                                       ansi_grey(),
+                                       ")",
+                                       ansi_normal()))
+                            return log_oom();
+
+                        w += separator * 3 +
+                                4 +
+                                utf8_console_width(chid_smbios_friendly[f]) +
+                                2 +
+                                utf8_console_width(strna(c)) +
+                                1;
+
+                        if (w > 79) {
+                                if (!strextend(&legend, "\n        "))
+                                        return log_oom();
+
+                                separator = false;
+                                w = 8;
+                        } else
+                                separator = true;
+
+                }
+
+                putchar('\n');
+                puts(legend);
+        }
+
+        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}

src/analyze/analyze-chid.h

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+int verb_chid(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata);

src/analyze/analyze.c

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include "analyze-calendar.h"
 #include "analyze-capability.h"
 #include "analyze-cat-config.h"
+#include "analyze-chid.h"
 #include "analyze-compare-versions.h"
 #include "analyze-condition.h"
 #include "analyze-critical-chain.h"
@@ -219,6 +220,7 @@ static int help(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
                "  filesystems [NAME...]      List known filesystems\n"
                "  architectures [NAME...]    List known architectures\n"
                "  smbios11                   List strings passed via SMBIOS Type #11\n"
+               "  chid                       List local CHIDs\n"
                "\n%3$sExpression Evaluation:%4$s\n"
                "  condition CONDITION...     Evaluate conditions and asserts\n"
                "  compare-versions VERSION1 [OP] VERSION2\n"
@@ -593,10 +595,6 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
                                        "Option --offline= requires one or more units to perform a security review.");
 
-        if (sd_json_format_enabled(arg_json_format_flags) && !STRPTR_IN_SET(argv[optind], "security", "inspect-elf", "plot", "fdstore", "pcrs", "architectures", "capability", "exit-status"))
-                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
-                                       "Option --json= is only supported for security, inspect-elf, plot, fdstore, pcrs, architectures, capability, exit-status right now.");
-
         if (arg_threshold != 100 && !streq_ptr(argv[optind], "security"))
                 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
                                        "Option --threshold= is only supported for security right now.");
@@ -631,10 +629,6 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         if (streq_ptr(argv[optind], "condition") && arg_unit && optind < argc - 1)
                 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "No conditions can be passed if --unit= is used.");
 
-        if ((!arg_legend && !STRPTR_IN_SET(argv[optind], "plot", "architectures")) ||
-           (streq_ptr(argv[optind], "plot") && !arg_legend && !arg_table && !sd_json_format_enabled(arg_json_format_flags)))
-                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Option --no-legend is only supported for plot with either --table or --json=.");
-
         if (arg_table && !streq_ptr(argv[optind], "plot"))
                 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Option --table is only supported for plot right now.");
 
@@ -691,6 +685,7 @@ static int run(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 { "srk",               VERB_ANY, 1,        0,            verb_srk               },
                 { "architectures",     VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, 0,            verb_architectures     },
                 { "smbios11",          VERB_ANY, 1,        0,            verb_smbios11          },
+                { "chid",              VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, 0,            verb_chid              },
                 {}
         };
 

src/analyze/meson.build

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ systemd_analyze_sources = files(
         'analyze-calendar.c',
         'analyze-capability.c',
         'analyze-cat-config.c',
+        'analyze-chid.c',
         'analyze-compare-versions.c',
         'analyze-condition.c',
         'analyze-critical-chain.c',

src/basic/audit-util.h

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
 
 #define AUDIT_SESSION_INVALID UINT32_MAX
 
-int audit_session_from_pid(const PidRef *pid, uint32_t *id);
-int audit_loginuid_from_pid(const PidRef *pid, uid_t *uid);
+int audit_session_from_pid(const PidRef *pid, uint32_t *ret_id);
+int audit_loginuid_from_pid(const PidRef *pid, uid_t *ret_uid);
 
 bool use_audit(void);
 

src/basic/capability-util.c

@@ -8,8 +8,9 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include "alloc-util.h"
-#include "capability-util.h"
 #include "cap-list.h"
+#include "capability-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
 #include "fileio.h"
 #include "log.h"
 #include "logarithm.h"
@@ -17,6 +18,8 @@
 #include "missing_prctl.h"
 #include "missing_threads.h"
 #include "parse-util.h"
+#include "pidref.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
 #include "user-util.h"
 
 int have_effective_cap(int value) {
@@ -607,3 +610,78 @@ int capability_get_ambient(uint64_t *ret) {
         *ret = a;
         return 1;
 }
+
+int pidref_get_capability(const PidRef *pidref, CapabilityQuintet *ret) {
+        int r;
+
+        if (!pidref_is_set(pidref))
+                return -ESRCH;
+        if (pidref_is_remote(pidref))
+                return -EREMOTE;
+
+        const char *path = procfs_file_alloca(pidref->pid, "status");
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = fopen(path, "re");
+        if (!f) {
+                if (errno == ENOENT && proc_mounted() == 0)
+                        return -ENOSYS;
+
+                return -errno;
+        }
+
+        CapabilityQuintet q = CAPABILITY_QUINTET_NULL;
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
+
+                r = read_line(f, LONG_LINE_MAX, &line);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                static const struct {
+                        const char *field;
+                        size_t offset;
+                } fields[] = {
+                        { "CapBnd:", offsetof(CapabilityQuintet, bounding)    },
+                        { "CapInh:", offsetof(CapabilityQuintet, inheritable) },
+                        { "CapPrm:", offsetof(CapabilityQuintet, permitted)   },
+                        { "CapEff:", offsetof(CapabilityQuintet, effective)   },
+                        { "CapAmb:", offsetof(CapabilityQuintet, ambient)     },
+                };
+
+                FOREACH_ELEMENT(i, fields) {
+
+                        const char *p = first_word(line, i->field);
+                        if (!p)
+                                continue;
+
+                        uint64_t *v = (uint64_t*) ((uint8_t*) &q + i->offset);
+
+                        if (*v != CAP_MASK_UNSET)
+                                return -EBADMSG;
+
+                        r = safe_atoux64(p, v);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        if (*v == CAP_MASK_UNSET)
+                                return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (q.effective == CAP_MASK_UNSET ||
+            q.inheritable == CAP_MASK_UNSET ||
+            q.permitted == CAP_MASK_UNSET ||
+            q.effective == CAP_MASK_UNSET ||
+            q.ambient == CAP_MASK_UNSET)
+                return -EBADMSG;
+
+        r = pidref_verify(pidref);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (ret)
+                *ret = q;
+
+        return 0;
+}

src/basic/capability-util.h

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 #include "macro.h"
 #include "missing_capability.h"
+#include "pidref.h"
 
 /* Special marker used when storing a capabilities mask as "unset" */
 #define CAP_MASK_UNSET UINT64_MAX
@@ -66,14 +67,18 @@ typedef struct CapabilityQuintet {
 
 assert_cc(CAP_LAST_CAP < 64);
 
-#define CAPABILITY_QUINTET_NULL { CAP_MASK_UNSET, CAP_MASK_UNSET, CAP_MASK_UNSET, CAP_MASK_UNSET, CAP_MASK_UNSET }
+#define CAPABILITY_QUINTET_NULL (CapabilityQuintet) { CAP_MASK_UNSET, CAP_MASK_UNSET, CAP_MASK_UNSET, CAP_MASK_UNSET, CAP_MASK_UNSET }
+
+static inline bool capability_is_set(uint64_t v) {
+        return v != CAP_MASK_UNSET;
+}
 
 static inline bool capability_quintet_is_set(const CapabilityQuintet *q) {
-        return q->effective != CAP_MASK_UNSET ||
-                q->bounding != CAP_MASK_UNSET ||
-                q->inheritable != CAP_MASK_UNSET ||
-                q->permitted != CAP_MASK_UNSET ||
-                q->ambient != CAP_MASK_UNSET;
+        return capability_is_set(q->effective) ||
+                capability_is_set(q->bounding) ||
+                capability_is_set(q->inheritable) ||
+                capability_is_set(q->permitted) ||
+                capability_is_set(q->ambient);
 }
 
 /* Mangles the specified caps quintet taking the current bounding set into account:
@@ -84,3 +89,5 @@ bool capability_quintet_mangle(CapabilityQuintet *q);
 int capability_quintet_enforce(const CapabilityQuintet *q);
 
 int capability_get_ambient(uint64_t *ret);
+
+int pidref_get_capability(const PidRef *pidref, CapabilityQuintet *ret);

src/basic/process-util.c

@@ -500,22 +500,6 @@ int pidref_is_kernel_thread(const PidRef *pid) {
         return result;
 }
 
-int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **ret) {
-        const char *p;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(pid >= 0);
-        assert(ret);
-
-        p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
-
-        r = get_proc_field(p, "CapEff", WHITESPACE, ret);
-        if (r == -ENOENT)
-                return -ESRCH;
-
-        return r;
-}
-
 static int get_process_link_contents(pid_t pid, const char *proc_file, char **ret) {
         const char *p;
         int r;

src/basic/process-util.h

@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **ret);
 int pid_get_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *ret);
 int pidref_get_uid(const PidRef *pid, uid_t *ret);
 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *ret);
-int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **ret);
 int get_process_cwd(pid_t pid, char **ret);
 int get_process_root(pid_t pid, char **ret);
 int get_process_environ(pid_t pid, char **ret);

src/core/device.c

@@ -85,7 +85,9 @@ static int device_set_sysfs(Device *d, const char *sysfs) {
         Unit *u = UNIT(ASSERT_PTR(d));
         int r;
 
-        if (streq_ptr(d->sysfs, sysfs))
+        assert(sysfs);
+
+        if (path_equal(d->sysfs, sysfs))
                 return 0;
 
         Hashmap **devices = &u->manager->devices_by_sysfs;
@@ -332,6 +334,20 @@ static void device_catchup(Unit *u) {
         Device *d = ASSERT_PTR(DEVICE(u));
 
         /* Second, let's update the state with the enumerated state */
+
+        /* If Device.found (set from Device.deserialized_found) does not have DEVICE_FOUND_UDEV, and the
+         * device has not been processed by udevd while enumeration, it indicates the unit was never active
+         * before reexecution, hence we can safely drop the flag from Device.enumerated_found. The device
+         * will be set up later when udev finishes processing (see also comment in
+         * device_setup_devlink_unit_one()).
+         *
+         * NB: 💣💣💣 If Device.found already contains udev, i.e. the unit was fully ready before
+         * reexecution, do not unset the flag. Otherwise, e.g. if systemd-udev-trigger.service is started
+         * just before reexec, reload, and so on, devices being reprocessed (carrying ID_PROCESSING=1
+         * property) on enumeration and will enter dead state. See issue #35329. */
+        if (!FLAGS_SET(d->found, DEVICE_FOUND_UDEV) && !d->processed)
+                d->enumerated_found &= ~DEVICE_FOUND_UDEV;
+
         device_update_found_one(d, d->enumerated_found, _DEVICE_FOUND_MASK);
 }
 
@@ -777,8 +793,16 @@ static int device_setup_devlink_unit_one(Manager *m, const char *devlink, Set **
         assert(ready_units);
         assert(not_ready_units);
 
-        if (sd_device_new_from_devname(&dev, devlink) >= 0 && device_is_ready(dev))
+        if (sd_device_new_from_devname(&dev, devlink) >= 0 && device_is_ready(dev)) {
+                if (MANAGER_IS_RUNNING(m) && device_is_processed(dev) <= 0)
+                        /* The device is being processed by udevd. We will receive relevant uevent for the
+                         * device later when completed. Let's ignore the device now. */
+                        return 0;
+
+                /* Note, even if the device is being processed by udevd, setup the unit on enumerate.
+                 * See also the comments in device_catchup(). */
                 return device_setup_unit(m, dev, devlink, /* main = */ false, ready_units);
+        }
 
         /* the devlink is already removed or not ready */
         if (device_by_path(m, devlink, &u) < 0)
@@ -874,14 +898,15 @@ static int device_setup_extra_units(Manager *m, sd_device *dev, Set **ready_unit
         return 0;
 }
 
-static int device_setup_units(Manager *m, sd_device *dev, Set **ready_units, Set **not_ready_units) {
+static int device_setup_units(Manager *m, sd_device *dev, Set **ret_ready_units, Set **ret_not_ready_units) {
+        _cleanup_set_free_ Set *ready_units = NULL, *not_ready_units = NULL;
         const char *syspath, *devname = NULL;
         int r;
 
         assert(m);
         assert(dev);
-        assert(ready_units);
-        assert(not_ready_units);
+        assert(ret_ready_units);
+        assert(ret_not_ready_units);
 
         r = sd_device_get_syspath(dev, &syspath);
         if (r < 0)
@@ -901,13 +926,13 @@ static int device_setup_units(Manager *m, sd_device *dev, Set **ready_units, Set
                 /* Add the main unit named after the syspath. If this one fails, don't bother with the rest,
                  * as this one shall be the main device unit the others just follow. (Compare with how
                  * device_following() is implemented, see below, which looks for the sysfs device.) */
-                r = device_setup_unit(m, dev, syspath, /* main = */ true, ready_units);
+                r = device_setup_unit(m, dev, syspath, /* main = */ true, &ready_units);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
 
                 /* Add an additional unit for the device node */
                 if (sd_device_get_devname(dev, &devname) >= 0)
-                        (void) device_setup_unit(m, dev, devname, /* main = */ false, ready_units);
+                        (void) device_setup_unit(m, dev, devname, /* main = */ false, &ready_units);
 
         } else {
                 Unit *u;
@@ -915,28 +940,30 @@ static int device_setup_units(Manager *m, sd_device *dev, Set **ready_units, Set
                 /* If the device exists but not ready, then save the units and unset udev bits later. */
 
                 if (device_by_path(m, syspath, &u) >= 0) {
-                        r = set_ensure_put(not_ready_units, NULL, DEVICE(u));
+                        r = set_ensure_put(&not_ready_units, NULL, DEVICE(u));
                         if (r < 0)
                                 log_unit_debug_errno(u, r, "Failed to store unit, ignoring: %m");
                 }
 
                 if (sd_device_get_devname(dev, &devname) >= 0 &&
                     device_by_path(m, devname, &u) >= 0) {
-                        r = set_ensure_put(not_ready_units, NULL, DEVICE(u));
+                        r = set_ensure_put(&not_ready_units, NULL, DEVICE(u));
                         if (r < 0)
                                 log_unit_debug_errno(u, r, "Failed to store unit, ignoring: %m");
                 }
         }
 
         /* Next, add/update additional .device units point to aliases and symlinks. */
-        (void) device_setup_extra_units(m, dev, ready_units, not_ready_units);
+        (void) device_setup_extra_units(m, dev, &ready_units, &not_ready_units);
 
         /* Safety check: no unit should be in ready_units and not_ready_units simultaneously. */
         Unit *u;
-        SET_FOREACH(u, *not_ready_units)
-                if (set_remove(*ready_units, u))
+        SET_FOREACH(u, not_ready_units)
+                if (set_remove(ready_units, u))
                         log_unit_error(u, "Cannot activate and deactivate the unit simultaneously. Deactivating.");
 
+        *ret_ready_units = TAKE_PTR(ready_units);
+        *ret_not_ready_units = TAKE_PTR(not_ready_units);
         return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1046,13 +1073,32 @@ static void device_enumerate(Manager *m) {
 
         FOREACH_DEVICE(e, dev) {
                 _cleanup_set_free_ Set *ready_units = NULL, *not_ready_units = NULL;
+                const char *syspath;
+                bool processed;
                 Device *d;
 
+                r = sd_device_get_syspath(dev, &syspath);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_device_debug_errno(dev, r, "Failed to get syspath of enumerated device, ignoring: %m");
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                r = device_is_processed(dev);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_device_debug_errno(dev, r, "Failed to check if device is processed by udevd, assuming not: %m");
+                processed = r > 0;
+
                 if (device_setup_units(m, dev, &ready_units, &not_ready_units) < 0)
                         continue;
 
-                SET_FOREACH(d, ready_units)
+                SET_FOREACH(d, ready_units) {
                         device_update_found_one(d, DEVICE_FOUND_UDEV, DEVICE_FOUND_UDEV);
+
+                        /* Why we need to check the syspath here? Because the device unit may be generated by
+                         * a devlink, and the syspath may be different from the one of the original device. */
+                        if (path_equal(d->sysfs, syspath))
+                                d->processed = processed;
+                }
                 SET_FOREACH(d, not_ready_units)
                         device_update_found_one(d, DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, DEVICE_FOUND_UDEV);
         }
@@ -1097,7 +1143,6 @@ static void device_remove_old_on_move(Manager *m, sd_device *dev) {
 }
 
 static int device_dispatch_io(sd_device_monitor *monitor, sd_device *dev, void *userdata) {
-        _cleanup_set_free_ Set *ready_units = NULL, *not_ready_units = NULL;
         Manager *m = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
         sd_device_action_t action;
         const char *sysfs;
@@ -1150,6 +1195,7 @@ static int device_dispatch_io(sd_device_monitor *monitor, sd_device *dev, void *
          * change events */
         ready = device_is_ready(dev);
 
+        _cleanup_set_free_ Set *ready_units = NULL, *not_ready_units = NULL;
         (void) device_setup_units(m, dev, &ready_units, &not_ready_units);
 
         if (action == SD_DEVICE_REMOVE) {

src/core/device.h

@@ -29,7 +29,9 @@ struct Device {
 
         DeviceState state, deserialized_state;
         DeviceFound found, deserialized_found, enumerated_found;
-
+        bool processed; /* Whether udevd has done processing the device, i.e. the device has database and
+                         * ID_PROCESSING=1 udev property is not set. This is used only by enumeration and
+                         * subsequent catchup process. */
         bool bind_mounts;
 
         /* The SYSTEMD_WANTS udev property for this device the last time we saw it */

src/core/exec-credential.c

@@ -117,10 +117,9 @@ int exec_context_put_load_credential(ExecContext *c, const char *id, const char
                         return -ENOMEM;
 
                 r = hashmap_ensure_put(&c->load_credentials, &exec_load_credential_hash_ops, lc->id, lc);
-                if (r < 0) {
-                        assert(r != -EEXIST);
+                assert(r != -EEXIST);
+                if (r < 0)
                         return r;
-                }
 
                 TAKE_PTR(lc);
         }
@@ -167,10 +166,9 @@ int exec_context_put_set_credential(
                         return -ENOMEM;
 
                 r = hashmap_ensure_put(&c->set_credentials, &exec_set_credential_hash_ops, sc->id, sc);
-                if (r < 0) {
-                        assert(r != -EEXIST);
+                assert(r != -EEXIST);
+                if (r < 0)
                         return r;
-                }
 
                 TAKE_PTR(sc);
         }
@@ -193,19 +191,22 @@ int exec_context_put_import_credential(ExecContext *c, const char *glob, const c
 
         *ic = (ExecImportCredential) {
                 .glob = strdup(glob),
-                .rename = rename ? strdup(rename) : NULL,
         };
-        if (!ic->glob || (rename && !ic->rename))
+        if (!ic->glob)
                 return -ENOMEM;
+        if (rename) {
+                ic->rename = strdup(rename);
+                if (!ic->rename)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
 
         if (ordered_set_contains(c->import_credentials, ic))
                 return 0;
 
         r = ordered_set_ensure_put(&c->import_credentials, &exec_import_credential_hash_ops, ic);
-        if (r < 0) {
-                assert(r != -EEXIST);
+        assert(r != -EEXIST);
+        if (r < 0)
                 return r;
-        }
 
         TAKE_PTR(ic);
 
@@ -383,30 +384,46 @@ typedef enum CredentialSearchPath {
         _CREDENTIAL_SEARCH_PATH_INVALID = -EINVAL,
 } CredentialSearchPath;
 
-static char** credential_search_path(const ExecParameters *params, CredentialSearchPath path) {
+static int credential_search_path(const ExecParameters *params, CredentialSearchPath path, char ***ret) {
         _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
+        int r;
 
         assert(params);
         assert(path >= 0 && path < _CREDENTIAL_SEARCH_PATH_MAX);
+        assert(ret);
 
         /* Assemble a search path to find credentials in. For non-encrypted credentials, We'll look in
          * /etc/credstore/ (and similar directories in /usr/lib/ + /run/). If we're looking for encrypted
          * credentials, we'll look in /etc/credstore.encrypted/ (and similar dirs). */
 
         if (IN_SET(path, CREDENTIAL_SEARCH_PATH_ENCRYPTED, CREDENTIAL_SEARCH_PATH_ALL)) {
-                if (strv_extend(&l, params->received_encrypted_credentials_directory) < 0)
-                        return NULL;
+                r = strv_extend(&l, params->received_encrypted_credentials_directory);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
 
-                if (strv_extend_strv(&l, CONF_PATHS_STRV("credstore.encrypted"), /* filter_duplicates= */ true) < 0)
-                        return NULL;
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **add = NULL;
+                r = credential_store_path_encrypted(params->runtime_scope, &add);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = strv_extend_strv_consume(&l, TAKE_PTR(add), /* filter_duplicates= */ false);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
         }
 
         if (IN_SET(path, CREDENTIAL_SEARCH_PATH_TRUSTED, CREDENTIAL_SEARCH_PATH_ALL)) {
-                if (strv_extend(&l, params->received_credentials_directory) < 0)
-                        return NULL;
+                r = strv_extend(&l, params->received_credentials_directory);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
 
-                if (strv_extend_strv(&l, CONF_PATHS_STRV("credstore"), /* filter_duplicates= */ true) < 0)
-                        return NULL;
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **add = NULL;
+                r = credential_store_path(params->runtime_scope, &add);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = strv_extend_strv_consume(&l, TAKE_PTR(add), /* filter_duplicates= */ false);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
         }
 
         if (DEBUG_LOGGING) {
@@ -414,7 +431,8 @@ static char** credential_search_path(const ExecParameters *params, CredentialSea
                 log_debug("Credential search path is: %s", strempty(t));
         }
 
-        return TAKE_PTR(l);
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(l);
+        return 0;
 }
 
 struct load_cred_args {
@@ -445,15 +463,38 @@ static int maybe_decrypt_and_write_credential(
         assert(data || size == 0);
 
         if (args->encrypted) {
-                r = decrypt_credential_and_warn(
-                                id,
-                                now(CLOCK_REALTIME),
-                                /* tpm2_device= */ NULL,
-                                /* tpm2_signature_path= */ NULL,
-                                getuid(),
-                                &IOVEC_MAKE(data, size),
-                                CREDENTIAL_ANY_SCOPE,
-                                &plaintext);
+                switch (args->params->runtime_scope) {
+
+                case RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM:
+                        /* In system mode talk directly to the TPM */
+                        r = decrypt_credential_and_warn(
+                                        id,
+                                        now(CLOCK_REALTIME),
+                                        /* tpm2_device= */ NULL,
+                                        /* tpm2_signature_path= */ NULL,
+                                        getuid(),
+                                        &IOVEC_MAKE(data, size),
+                                        CREDENTIAL_ANY_SCOPE,
+                                        &plaintext);
+                        break;
+
+                case RUNTIME_SCOPE_USER:
+                        /* In per user mode we'll not have access to the machine secret, nor to the TPM (most
+                         * likely), hence go via the IPC service instead. Do this if we are run in root's
+                         * per-user invocation too, to minimize differences and because isolating this logic
+                         * into a separate process is generally a good thing anyway. */
+                        r = ipc_decrypt_credential(
+                                        id,
+                                        now(CLOCK_REALTIME),
+                                        getuid(),
+                                        &IOVEC_MAKE(data, size),
+                                        /* flags= */ 0, /* only allow user creds in user scope */
+                                        &plaintext);
+                        break;
+
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached();
+                }
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
 
@@ -611,9 +652,9 @@ static int load_credential(
                  * directory we received ourselves. We don't support the AF_UNIX stuff in this mode, since we
                  * are operating on a credential store, i.e. this is guaranteed to be regular files. */
 
-                search_path = credential_search_path(args->params, CREDENTIAL_SEARCH_PATH_ALL);
-                if (!search_path)
-                        return -ENOMEM;
+                r = credential_search_path(args->params, CREDENTIAL_SEARCH_PATH_ALL, &search_path);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
 
                 missing_ok = true;
         } else
@@ -797,9 +838,9 @@ static int acquire_credentials(
         ORDERED_SET_FOREACH(ic, context->import_credentials) {
                 _cleanup_free_ char **search_path = NULL;
 
-                search_path = credential_search_path(params, CREDENTIAL_SEARCH_PATH_TRUSTED);
-                if (!search_path)
-                        return -ENOMEM;
+                r = credential_search_path(params, CREDENTIAL_SEARCH_PATH_TRUSTED, &search_path);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
 
                 args.encrypted = false;
 
@@ -811,9 +852,10 @@ static int acquire_credentials(
                         return r;
 
                 search_path = strv_free(search_path);
-                search_path = credential_search_path(params, CREDENTIAL_SEARCH_PATH_ENCRYPTED);
-                if (!search_path)
-                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                r = credential_search_path(params, CREDENTIAL_SEARCH_PATH_ENCRYPTED, &search_path);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
 
                 args.encrypted = true;
 

src/debug-generator/debug-generator.c

@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "bitfield.h"
 #include "creds-util.h"
 #include "dropin.h"
 #include "errno-util.h"
+#include "extract-word.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
 #include "fileio.h"
 #include "generator.h"
@@ -27,6 +29,7 @@ static char **arg_wants = NULL;
 static bool arg_debug_shell = false;
 static char *arg_debug_tty = NULL;
 static char *arg_default_debug_tty = NULL;
+static uint32_t arg_breakpoints = 0;
 
 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_default_unit, freep);
 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_mask, strv_freep);
@@ -34,6 +37,91 @@ STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_wants, strv_freep);
 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_debug_tty, freep);
 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_default_debug_tty, freep);
 
+typedef enum BreakpointType {
+        BREAKPOINT_PRE_UDEV,
+        BREAKPOINT_PRE_BASIC,
+        BREAKPOINT_PRE_SYSROOT_MOUNT,
+        BREAKPOINT_PRE_SWITCH_ROOT,
+        _BREAKPOINT_TYPE_MAX,
+        _BREAKPOINT_TYPE_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} BreakpointType;
+
+typedef enum BreakpointValidity {
+        BREAKPOINT_DEFAULT   = 1 << 0,
+        BREAKPOINT_IN_INITRD = 1 << 1,
+        BREAKPOINT_ON_HOST   = 1 << 2,
+} BreakpointValidity;
+
+typedef struct BreakpointInfo {
+        BreakpointType type;
+        const char *name;
+        const char *unit;
+        BreakpointValidity validity;
+} BreakpointInfo;
+
+static const struct BreakpointInfo breakpoint_info_table[_BREAKPOINT_TYPE_MAX] = {
+        { BREAKPOINT_PRE_UDEV,          "pre-udev",        "breakpoint-pre-udev.service",        BREAKPOINT_IN_INITRD | BREAKPOINT_ON_HOST },
+        { BREAKPOINT_PRE_BASIC,         "pre-basic",       "breakpoint-pre-basic.service",       BREAKPOINT_IN_INITRD | BREAKPOINT_ON_HOST },
+        { BREAKPOINT_PRE_SYSROOT_MOUNT, "pre-mount",       "breakpoint-pre-mount.service",       BREAKPOINT_IN_INITRD                      },
+        { BREAKPOINT_PRE_SWITCH_ROOT,   "pre-switch-root", "breakpoint-pre-switch-root.service", BREAKPOINT_IN_INITRD | BREAKPOINT_DEFAULT },
+};
+
+static BreakpointType parse_breakpoint_from_string_one(const char *s) {
+        assert(s);
+
+        FOREACH_ARRAY(i, breakpoint_info_table, ELEMENTSOF(breakpoint_info_table))
+                if (streq(i->name, s))
+                        return i->type;
+
+        return _BREAKPOINT_TYPE_INVALID;
+}
+
+static int parse_breakpoint_from_string(const char *s, uint32_t *ret_breakpoints) {
+        uint32_t breakpoints = 0;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret_breakpoints);
+
+        /* Empty value? set default breakpoint */
+        if (isempty(s)) {
+                if (in_initrd()) {
+                        FOREACH_ARRAY(i, breakpoint_info_table, ELEMENTSOF(breakpoint_info_table))
+                                if (i->validity & BREAKPOINT_DEFAULT) {
+                                        breakpoints |= 1 << i->type;
+                                        break;
+                                }
+                } else
+                        log_warning("No default breakpoint defined on the host, ignoring breakpoint request from kernel command line.");
+        } else
+                for (;;) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+                        BreakpointType tt;
+
+                        r = extract_first_word(&s, &t, ",", EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        if (r == 0)
+                                break;
+
+                        tt = parse_breakpoint_from_string_one(t);
+                        if (tt < 0) {
+                                log_warning("Invalid breakpoint value '%s', ignoring.", t);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        if (in_initrd() && !FLAGS_SET(breakpoint_info_table[tt].validity, BREAKPOINT_IN_INITRD))
+                                log_warning("Breakpoint '%s' not valid in the initrd, ignoring.", t);
+                        else if (!in_initrd() && !FLAGS_SET(breakpoint_info_table[tt].validity, BREAKPOINT_ON_HOST))
+                                log_warning("Breakpoint '%s' not valid on the host, ignoring.", t);
+                        else
+                                breakpoints |= 1 << tt;
+                }
+
+        *ret_breakpoints = breakpoints;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
 static int parse_proc_cmdline_item(const char *key, const char *value, void *data) {
         int r;
 
@@ -88,6 +176,15 @@ static int parse_proc_cmdline_item(const char *key, const char *value, void *dat
 
                 return free_and_strdup_warn(&arg_default_unit, value);
 
+        } else if (streq(key, "systemd.break")) {
+                uint32_t breakpoints = 0;
+
+                r = parse_breakpoint_from_string(value, &breakpoints);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse breakpoint value '%s': %m", value);
+
+                arg_breakpoints |= breakpoints;
+
         } else if (!value) {
                 const char *target;
 
@@ -269,6 +366,10 @@ static int run(const char *dest, const char *dest_early, const char *dest_late)
                 RET_GATHER(r, install_debug_shell_dropin());
         }
 
+        BIT_FOREACH(i, arg_breakpoints)
+                if (strv_extend(&arg_wants, breakpoint_info_table[i].unit) < 0)
+                        return log_oom();
+
         if (get_credentials_dir(&credentials_dir) >= 0)
                 RET_GATHER(r, process_unit_credentials(credentials_dir));
 

src/dissect/dissect.c

@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ static char *arg_loop_ref = NULL;
 static ImagePolicy *arg_image_policy = NULL;
 static bool arg_mtree_hash = true;
 static bool arg_via_service = false;
+static RuntimeScope arg_runtime_scope = _RUNTIME_SCOPE_INVALID;
 
 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_image, freep);
 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_root, freep);
@@ -151,6 +152,8 @@ static int help(void) {
                "                          Generate JSON output\n"
                "     --loop-ref=NAME      Set reference string for loopback device\n"
                "     --mtree-hash=BOOL    Whether to include SHA256 hash in the mtree output\n"
+               "     --user               Discover user images\n"
+               "     --system             Discover system images\n"
                "\n%3$sCommands:%4$s\n"
                "  -h --help               Show this help\n"
                "     --version            Show package version\n"
@@ -274,6 +277,8 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 ARG_VALIDATE,
                 ARG_MTREE_HASH,
                 ARG_MAKE_ARCHIVE,
+                ARG_SYSTEM,
+                ARG_USER,
         };
 
         static const struct option options[] = {
@@ -307,10 +312,13 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 { "validate",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VALIDATE      },
                 { "mtree-hash",    required_argument, NULL, ARG_MTREE_HASH    },
                 { "make-archive",  no_argument,       NULL, ARG_MAKE_ARCHIVE  },
+                { "system",        no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SYSTEM        },
+                { "user",          no_argument,       NULL, ARG_USER          },
                 {}
         };
 
         _cleanup_free_ char **buf = NULL; /* we use free(), not strv_free() here, as we don't copy the strings here */
+        bool system_scope_requested = false, user_scope_requested = false;
         int c, r;
 
         assert(argc >= 0);
@@ -531,7 +539,6 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         break;
 
                 case ARG_MAKE_ARCHIVE:
-
                         r = dlopen_libarchive();
                         if (r < 0)
                                 return log_error_errno(r, "Archive support not available (compiled without libarchive, or libarchive not installed?).");
@@ -539,6 +546,14 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         arg_action = ACTION_MAKE_ARCHIVE;
                         break;
 
+                case ARG_SYSTEM:
+                        system_scope_requested = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_USER:
+                        user_scope_requested = true;
+                        break;
+
                 case '?':
                         return -EINVAL;
 
@@ -547,6 +562,10 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 }
         }
 
+        if (system_scope_requested || user_scope_requested)
+                arg_runtime_scope = system_scope_requested && user_scope_requested ? _RUNTIME_SCOPE_INVALID :
+                        system_scope_requested ? RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM : RUNTIME_SCOPE_USER;
+
         switch (arg_action) {
 
         case ACTION_DISSECT:
@@ -1851,7 +1870,7 @@ static int action_discover(void) {
                 return log_oom();
 
         for (ImageClass cl = 0; cl < _IMAGE_CLASS_MAX; cl++) {
-                r = image_discover(cl, NULL, images);
+                r = image_discover(arg_runtime_scope, cl, NULL, images);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to discover images: %m");
         }

src/fundamental/chid-fundamental.c

@@ -28,23 +28,36 @@
 #include "memory-util-fundamental.h"
 #include "sha1-fundamental.h"
 
-static void get_chid(const char16_t *const smbios_fields[static _CHID_SMBIOS_FIELDS_MAX], uint32_t mask, EFI_GUID *ret_chid) {
+static void get_chid(
+                const char16_t *const smbios_fields[static _CHID_SMBIOS_FIELDS_MAX],
+                uint32_t mask,
+                EFI_GUID *ret_chid) {
+
         assert(mask != 0);
         assert(ret_chid);
-        const EFI_GUID namespace = { UINT32_C(0x12d8ff70), UINT16_C(0x7f4c), UINT16_C(0x7d4c), {} }; /* Swapped to BE */
 
         struct sha1_ctx ctx = {};
         sha1_init_ctx(&ctx);
 
+        static const EFI_GUID namespace = { UINT32_C(0x12d8ff70), UINT16_C(0x7f4c), UINT16_C(0x7d4c), {} }; /* Swapped to BE */
         sha1_process_bytes(&namespace, sizeof(namespace), &ctx);
 
-        for (unsigned i = 0; i < _CHID_SMBIOS_FIELDS_MAX; i++)
-                if ((mask >> i) & 1) {
-                        if (i > 0)
-                                sha1_process_bytes(L"&", 2, &ctx);
-                        sha1_process_bytes(smbios_fields[i], strlen16(smbios_fields[i]) * sizeof(char16_t), &ctx);
+        for (ChidSmbiosFields i = 0; i < _CHID_SMBIOS_FIELDS_MAX; i++) {
+                if (!FLAGS_SET(mask, UINT32_C(1) << i))
+                        continue;
+
+                if (!smbios_fields[i]) {
+                        /* If some SMBIOS field is missing, don't generate the CHID, as per spec */
+                        memzero(ret_chid, sizeof(EFI_GUID));
+                        return;
                 }
 
+                if (i > 0)
+                        sha1_process_bytes(L"&", 2, &ctx);
+
+                sha1_process_bytes(smbios_fields[i], strlen16(smbios_fields[i]) * sizeof(char16_t), &ctx);
+        }
+
         uint8_t hash[SHA1_DIGEST_SIZE];
         sha1_finish_ctx(&ctx, hash);
 
@@ -61,7 +74,31 @@ static void get_chid(const char16_t *const smbios_fields[static _CHID_SMBIOS_FIE
         ret_chid->Data4[0] = (ret_chid->Data4[0] & UINT8_C(0x3f)) | UINT8_C(0x80);
 }
 
-static const uint32_t chid_smbios_table[CHID_TYPES_MAX] = {
+const uint32_t chid_smbios_table[CHID_TYPES_MAX] = {
+        [0] = (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_MANUFACTURER) |
+              (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_FAMILY) |
+              (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_PRODUCT_NAME) |
+              (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_PRODUCT_SKU) |
+              (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_VENDOR) |
+              (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_VERSION) |
+              (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_MAJOR) |
+              (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_MINOR),
+
+        [1] = (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_MANUFACTURER) |
+              (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_FAMILY) |
+              (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_PRODUCT_NAME) |
+              (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_VENDOR) |
+              (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_VERSION) |
+              (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_MAJOR) |
+              (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_MINOR),
+
+        [2] = (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_MANUFACTURER) |
+              (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_PRODUCT_NAME) |
+              (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_VENDOR) |
+              (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_VERSION) |
+              (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_MAJOR) |
+              (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_MINOR),
+
         [3] = (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_MANUFACTURER) |
               (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_FAMILY) |
               (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_PRODUCT_NAME) |
@@ -102,18 +139,26 @@ static const uint32_t chid_smbios_table[CHID_TYPES_MAX] = {
         [11] = (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_MANUFACTURER) |
                (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_FAMILY),
 
+        [12] = (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_MANUFACTURER) |
+               (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_ENCLOSURE_TYPE),
+
         [13] = (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_MANUFACTURER) |
                (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_BASEBOARD_MANUFACTURER) |
                (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_BASEBOARD_PRODUCT),
+
+        [14] = (UINT32_C(1) << CHID_SMBIOS_MANUFACTURER),
 };
 
 void chid_calculate(const char16_t *const smbios_fields[static _CHID_SMBIOS_FIELDS_MAX], EFI_GUID ret_chids[static CHID_TYPES_MAX]) {
         assert(smbios_fields);
         assert(ret_chids);
 
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < CHID_TYPES_MAX; i++)
-                if (chid_smbios_table[i] != 0)
-                        get_chid(smbios_fields, chid_smbios_table[i], &ret_chids[i]);
-                else
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < CHID_TYPES_MAX; i++) {
+                if (chid_smbios_table[i] == 0) {
                         memzero(&ret_chids[i], sizeof(EFI_GUID));
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                get_chid(smbios_fields, chid_smbios_table[i], &ret_chids[i]);
+        }
 }

src/fundamental/chid-fundamental.h

@@ -20,8 +20,15 @@ typedef enum ChidSmbiosFields {
         CHID_SMBIOS_PRODUCT_SKU,
         CHID_SMBIOS_BASEBOARD_MANUFACTURER,
         CHID_SMBIOS_BASEBOARD_PRODUCT,
+        CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_VENDOR,
+        CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_VERSION,
+        CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_MAJOR,
+        CHID_SMBIOS_BIOS_MINOR,
+        CHID_SMBIOS_ENCLOSURE_TYPE,
         _CHID_SMBIOS_FIELDS_MAX,
 } ChidSmbiosFields;
 
+extern const uint32_t chid_smbios_table[CHID_TYPES_MAX];
+
 /* CHID (also called HWID by fwupd) is described at https://github.com/fwupd/fwupd/blob/main/docs/hwids.md */
 void chid_calculate(const char16_t *const smbios_fields[static _CHID_SMBIOS_FIELDS_MAX], EFI_GUID ret_chids[static CHID_TYPES_MAX]);

src/import/export.c

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 static ImportCompressType arg_compress = IMPORT_COMPRESS_UNKNOWN;
 static ImageClass arg_class = IMAGE_MACHINE;
+static RuntimeScope arg_runtime_scope = _RUNTIME_SCOPE_INVALID;
 
 static void determine_compression_from_filename(const char *p) {
 
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ static int export_tar(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
 
         local = argv[1];
         if (image_name_is_valid(local)) {
-                r = image_find(arg_class, local, NULL, &image);
+                r = image_find(arg_runtime_scope, arg_class, local, NULL, &image);
                 if (r == -ENOENT)
                         return log_error_errno(r, "Image %s not found.", local);
                 if (r < 0)
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ static int export_raw(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
 
         local = argv[1];
         if (image_name_is_valid(local)) {
-                r = image_find(arg_class, local, NULL, &image);
+                r = image_find(arg_runtime_scope, arg_class, local, NULL, &image);
                 if (r == -ENOENT)
                         return log_error_errno(r, "Image %s not found.", local);
                 if (r < 0)

src/import/import-fs.c

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ static bool arg_sync = true;
 static bool arg_direct = false;
 static const char *arg_image_root = NULL;
 static ImageClass arg_class = IMAGE_MACHINE;
+static RuntimeScope arg_runtime_scope = _RUNTIME_SCOPE_INVALID;
 
 typedef struct ProgressInfo {
         RateLimit limit;
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ static int import_fs(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
                         return log_oom();
 
                 if (!arg_force) {
-                        r = image_find(arg_class, local, NULL, NULL);
+                        r = image_find(arg_runtime_scope, arg_class, local, NULL, NULL);
                         if (r < 0) {
                                 if (r != -ENOENT)
                                         return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to check whether image '%s' exists: %m", local);

src/import/import.c

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ static const char *arg_image_root = NULL;
 static ImportFlags arg_import_flags = IMPORT_BTRFS_SUBVOL | IMPORT_BTRFS_QUOTA | IMPORT_CONVERT_QCOW2 | IMPORT_SYNC;
 static uint64_t arg_offset = UINT64_MAX, arg_size_max = UINT64_MAX;
 static ImageClass arg_class = IMAGE_MACHINE;
+static RuntimeScope arg_runtime_scope = _RUNTIME_SCOPE_INVALID;
 
 static int normalize_local(const char *local, char **ret) {
         _cleanup_free_ char *ll = NULL;
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ static int normalize_local(const char *local, char **ret) {
                         local = "imported";
 
                 if (!FLAGS_SET(arg_import_flags, IMPORT_FORCE)) {
-                        r = image_find(arg_class, local, NULL, NULL);
+                        r = image_find(arg_runtime_scope, arg_class, local, NULL, NULL);
                         if (r < 0) {
                                 if (r != -ENOENT)
                                         return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to check whether image '%s' exists: %m", local);

src/import/importd.c

@@ -111,6 +111,8 @@ struct Manager {
 
         bool use_btrfs_subvol;
         bool use_btrfs_quota;
+
+        RuntimeScope runtime_scope; /* for now: always RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM */
 };
 
 #define TRANSFERS_MAX 64
@@ -721,6 +723,7 @@ static int manager_new(Manager **ret) {
         *m = (Manager) {
                 .use_btrfs_subvol = true,
                 .use_btrfs_quota = true,
+                .runtime_scope = RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM,
         };
 
         r = sd_event_default(&m->event);
@@ -1332,6 +1335,7 @@ static int method_cancel_transfer(sd_bus_message *msg, void *userdata, sd_bus_er
 static int method_list_images(sd_bus_message *msg, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
         _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
         ImageClass class = _IMAGE_CLASS_INVALID;
+        Manager *m = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
         int r;
 
         assert(msg);
@@ -1372,7 +1376,7 @@ static int method_list_images(sd_bus_message *msg, void *userdata, sd_bus_error
                 if (!h)
                         return -ENOMEM;
 
-                r = image_discover(c, /* root= */ NULL, h);
+                r = image_discover(m->runtime_scope, c, /* root= */ NULL, h);
                 if (r < 0) {
                         if (class >= 0)
                                 return r;

src/import/pull.c

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ static ImportFlags arg_import_flags = IMPORT_PULL_SETTINGS | IMPORT_PULL_ROOTHAS
 static uint64_t arg_offset = UINT64_MAX, arg_size_max = UINT64_MAX;
 static char *arg_checksum = NULL;
 static ImageClass arg_class = IMAGE_MACHINE;
+static RuntimeScope arg_runtime_scope = _RUNTIME_SCOPE_INVALID;
 
 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_checksum, freep);
 
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ static int normalize_local(const char *local, const char *url, char **ret) {
                                                local);
 
                 if (!FLAGS_SET(arg_import_flags, IMPORT_FORCE)) {
-                        r = image_find(arg_class, local, NULL, NULL);
+                        r = image_find(arg_runtime_scope, arg_class, local, NULL, NULL);
                         if (r < 0) {
                                 if (r != -ENOENT)
                                         return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to check whether image '%s' exists: %m", local);

src/journal/journald-context.c

@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ static int client_context_new(Server *s, pid_t pid, ClientContext **ret) {
                 .log_level_max = -1,
                 .log_ratelimit_interval = s->ratelimit_interval,
                 .log_ratelimit_burst = s->ratelimit_burst,
+                .capability_quintet = CAPABILITY_QUINTET_NULL,
         };
 
         r = hashmap_ensure_put(&s->client_contexts, NULL, PID_TO_PTR(pid), c);
@@ -154,7 +155,6 @@ static void client_context_reset(Server *s, ClientContext *c) {
         c->comm = mfree(c->comm);
         c->exe = mfree(c->exe);
         c->cmdline = mfree(c->cmdline);
-        c->capeff = mfree(c->capeff);
 
         c->auditid = AUDIT_SESSION_INVALID;
         c->loginuid = UID_INVALID;
@@ -184,6 +184,8 @@ static void client_context_reset(Server *s, ClientContext *c) {
 
         c->log_filter_allowed_patterns = set_free_free(c->log_filter_allowed_patterns);
         c->log_filter_denied_patterns = set_free_free(c->log_filter_denied_patterns);
+
+        c->capability_quintet = CAPABILITY_QUINTET_NULL;
 }
 
 static ClientContext* client_context_free(Server *s, ClientContext *c) {
@@ -233,8 +235,7 @@ static void client_context_read_basic(ClientContext *c) {
         if (pid_get_cmdline(c->pid, SIZE_MAX, PROCESS_CMDLINE_QUOTE, &t) >= 0)
                 free_and_replace(c->cmdline, t);
 
-        if (get_process_capeff(c->pid, &t) >= 0)
-                free_and_replace(c->capeff, t);
+        (void) pidref_get_capability(&PIDREF_MAKE_FROM_PID(c->pid), &c->capability_quintet);
 }
 
 static int client_context_read_label(

src/journal/journald-context.h

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 
 #include "sd-id128.h"
 
+#include "capability-util.h"
 #include "set.h"
 #include "time-util.h"
 
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ struct ClientContext {
         char *comm;
         char *exe;
         char *cmdline;
-        char *capeff;
+        CapabilityQuintet capability_quintet;
 
         uint32_t auditid;
         uid_t loginuid;

src/journal/journald-server.c

@@ -1109,7 +1109,7 @@ static void server_dispatch_message_real(
                          * Let's use a heap allocation for this one. */
                         cmdline1 = set_iovec_string_field(iovec, &n, "_CMDLINE=", c->cmdline);
 
-                IOVEC_ADD_STRING_FIELD(iovec, n, c->capeff, "_CAP_EFFECTIVE"); /* Read from /proc/.../status */
+                IOVEC_ADD_NUMERIC_FIELD(iovec, n, c->capability_quintet.effective, uint64_t, capability_is_set, "%" PRIx64, "_CAP_EFFECTIVE");
                 IOVEC_ADD_SIZED_FIELD(iovec, n, c->label, c->label_size, "_SELINUX_CONTEXT");
                 IOVEC_ADD_NUMERIC_FIELD(iovec, n, c->auditid, uint32_t, audit_session_is_valid, "%" PRIu32, "_AUDIT_SESSION");
                 IOVEC_ADD_NUMERIC_FIELD(iovec, n, c->loginuid, uid_t, uid_is_valid, UID_FMT, "_AUDIT_LOGINUID");
@@ -1144,7 +1144,7 @@ static void server_dispatch_message_real(
                 if (o->cmdline)
                         cmdline2 = set_iovec_string_field(iovec, &n, "OBJECT_CMDLINE=", o->cmdline);
 
-                IOVEC_ADD_STRING_FIELD(iovec, n, o->capeff, "OBJECT_CAP_EFFECTIVE");
+                IOVEC_ADD_NUMERIC_FIELD(iovec, n, o->capability_quintet.effective, uint64_t, capability_is_set, "%" PRIx64, "OBJECT_CAP_EFFECTIVE");
                 IOVEC_ADD_SIZED_FIELD(iovec, n, o->label, o->label_size, "OBJECT_SELINUX_CONTEXT");
                 IOVEC_ADD_NUMERIC_FIELD(iovec, n, o->auditid, uint32_t, audit_session_is_valid, "%" PRIu32, "OBJECT_AUDIT_SESSION");
                 IOVEC_ADD_NUMERIC_FIELD(iovec, n, o->loginuid, uid_t, uid_is_valid, UID_FMT, "OBJECT_AUDIT_LOGINUID");

src/libsystemd/sd-bus/bus-internal.h

@@ -336,9 +336,6 @@ struct sd_bus {
  * with enough entropy yet and might delay the boot */
 #define BUS_AUTH_TIMEOUT ((usec_t) DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_USEC)
 
-#define BUS_WQUEUE_MAX (384*1024)
-#define BUS_RQUEUE_MAX (384*1024)
-
 #define BUS_MESSAGE_SIZE_MAX (128*1024*1024)
 #define BUS_AUTH_SIZE_MAX (64*1024)
 /* Note that the D-Bus specification states that bus paths shall have no size limit. We enforce here one

src/libsystemd/sd-bus/sd-bus.c

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <sys/mman.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/sysinfo.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
@@ -2114,10 +2115,40 @@ static int bus_read_message(sd_bus *bus) {
         return bus_socket_read_message(bus);
 }
 
+static bool bus_queue_is_full(sd_bus *bus) {
+        static size_t bus_queue_max;
+
+        assert(bus);
+
+        if (_unlikely_(!bus_queue_max)) {
+                struct sysinfo info;
+                if (sysinfo(&info)) {
+                        bus_queue_max = 768 * 1024;
+                } else {
+                        // Assume avg. message size of 2k, allow 10% of RAM
+                        uint64_t count = info.totalram;
+                        assert_se(MUL_ASSIGN_SAFE(&count, info.mem_unit));
+                        count /= 10 * 2048;
+                        if (count >= SIZE_MAX/2)
+                                bus_queue_max = SIZE_MAX/2;
+                        else
+                                bus_queue_max = (size_t)count;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (bus->rqueue_size + bus->wqueue_size >= bus_queue_max)
+                return true;
+
+        if (bus->rqueue_size + bus->wqueue_size < bus->wqueue_size)
+                return true;
+
+        return false;
+}
+
 int bus_rqueue_make_room(sd_bus *bus) {
         assert(bus);
 
-        if (bus->rqueue_size >= BUS_RQUEUE_MAX)
+        if (bus_queue_is_full(bus))
                 return -ENOBUFS;
 
         if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(bus->rqueue, bus->rqueue_size + 1))
@@ -2230,7 +2261,7 @@ _public_ int sd_bus_send(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message *_m, uint64_t *cookie) {
         } else {
                 /* Just append it to the queue. */
 
-                if (bus->wqueue_size >= BUS_WQUEUE_MAX)
+                if (bus_queue_is_full(bus))
                         return -ENOBUFS;
 
                 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(bus->wqueue, bus->wqueue_size + 1))

src/libsystemd/sd-path/path-lookup.h

@@ -84,3 +84,19 @@ static inline char** generator_binary_paths(RuntimeScope runtime_scope) {
 static inline char** env_generator_binary_paths(RuntimeScope runtime_scope) {
         return generator_binary_paths_internal(runtime_scope, true);
 }
+
+static inline int credential_store_path(RuntimeScope runtime_scope, char ***ret) {
+        return sd_path_lookup_strv(
+                        runtime_scope == RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM ?
+                        SD_PATH_SYSTEM_SEARCH_CREDENTIAL_STORE : SD_PATH_USER_SEARCH_CREDENTIAL_STORE,
+                        /* suffix= */ NULL,
+                        ret);
+}
+
+static inline int credential_store_path_encrypted(RuntimeScope runtime_scope, char ***ret) {
+        return sd_path_lookup_strv(
+                        runtime_scope == RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM ?
+                        SD_PATH_SYSTEM_SEARCH_CREDENTIAL_STORE_ENCRYPTED : SD_PATH_USER_SEARCH_CREDENTIAL_STORE_ENCRYPTED,
+                        /* suffix= */ NULL,
+                        ret);
+}

src/libsystemd/sd-path/sd-path.c

@@ -36,7 +36,12 @@ static int from_environment(const char *envname, const char *fallback, const cha
         return -ENXIO;
 }
 
-static int from_home_dir(const char *envname, const char *suffix, char **buffer, const char **ret) {
+static int from_home_dir(
+                const char *envname,
+                const char *suffix,
+                char **buffer,
+                const char **ret) {
+
         _cleanup_free_ char *h = NULL;
         int r;
 
@@ -350,6 +355,30 @@ static int get_path(uint64_t type, char **buffer, const char **ret) {
         case SD_PATH_SYSTEMD_USER_ENVIRONMENT_GENERATOR:
                 *ret = USER_ENV_GENERATOR_DIR;
                 return 0;
+
+        case SD_PATH_SYSTEM_CREDENTIAL_STORE:
+                *ret = "/etc/credstore";
+                return 0;
+
+        case SD_PATH_SYSTEM_CREDENTIAL_STORE_ENCRYPTED:
+                *ret = "/etc/credstore.encrypted";
+                return 0;
+
+        case SD_PATH_USER_CREDENTIAL_STORE:
+                r = xdg_user_config_dir("credstore", buffer);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                *ret = *buffer;
+                return 0;
+
+        case SD_PATH_USER_CREDENTIAL_STORE_ENCRYPTED:
+                r = xdg_user_config_dir("credstore.encrypted", buffer);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                *ret = *buffer;
+                return 0;
         }
 
         return -EOPNOTSUPP;
@@ -366,12 +395,12 @@ static int get_path_alloc(uint64_t type, const char *suffix, char **ret) {
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        if (suffix) {
+        if (!isempty(suffix)) {
                 char *suffixed = path_join(p, suffix);
                 if (!suffixed)
                         return -ENOMEM;
 
-                path_simplify(suffixed);
+                path_simplify_full(suffixed, PATH_SIMPLIFY_KEEP_TRAILING_SLASH);
 
                 free_and_replace(buffer, suffixed);
         } else if (!buffer) {
@@ -601,8 +630,55 @@ static int get_search(uint64_t type, char ***ret) {
         case SD_PATH_SYSTEMD_SEARCH_NETWORK:
                 return strv_from_nulstr(ret, NETWORK_DIRS_NULSTR);
 
+        case SD_PATH_SYSTEM_SEARCH_CREDENTIAL_STORE:
+        case SD_PATH_SYSTEM_SEARCH_CREDENTIAL_STORE_ENCRYPTED: {
+                const char *suffix =
+                        type == SD_PATH_SYSTEM_SEARCH_CREDENTIAL_STORE_ENCRYPTED ? "credstore.encrypted" : "credstore";
+
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
+                FOREACH_STRING(d, CONF_PATHS("")) {
+                        char *j = path_join(d, suffix);
+                        if (!j)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        r = strv_consume(&l, TAKE_PTR(j));
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+
+                *ret = TAKE_PTR(l);
+                return 0;
         }
 
+        case SD_PATH_USER_SEARCH_CREDENTIAL_STORE:
+        case SD_PATH_USER_SEARCH_CREDENTIAL_STORE_ENCRYPTED: {
+                const char *suffix =
+                        type == SD_PATH_USER_SEARCH_CREDENTIAL_STORE_ENCRYPTED ? "credstore.encrypted" : "credstore";
+
+                static const uint64_t dirs[] = {
+                        SD_PATH_USER_CONFIGURATION,
+                        SD_PATH_USER_RUNTIME,
+                        SD_PATH_USER_LIBRARY_PRIVATE,
+                };
+
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
+                FOREACH_ELEMENT(d, dirs) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+                        r = sd_path_lookup(*d, suffix, &p);
+                        if (r == -ENXIO)
+                                continue;
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = strv_consume(&l, TAKE_PTR(p));
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+
+                *ret = TAKE_PTR(l);
+                return 0;
+        }}
+
         return -EOPNOTSUPP;
 }
 
@@ -637,7 +713,7 @@ _public_ int sd_path_lookup_strv(uint64_t type, const char *suffix, char ***ret)
                         if (!path_extend(i, suffix))
                                 return -ENOMEM;
 
-                        path_simplify(*i);
+                        path_simplify_full(*i, PATH_SIMPLIFY_KEEP_TRAILING_SLASH);
                 }
 
         *ret = TAKE_PTR(l);

src/machine/image-dbus.c

@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ int bus_image_method_clone(
                 return sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, r, "Failed to fork(): %m");
         if (r == 0) {
                 errno_pipe_fd[0] = safe_close(errno_pipe_fd[0]);
-                r = image_clone(image, new_name, read_only);
+                r = image_clone(image, new_name, read_only, m->runtime_scope);
                 report_errno_and_exit(errno_pipe_fd[1], r);
         }
 
@@ -402,6 +402,7 @@ char* image_bus_path(const char *name) {
 static int image_node_enumerator(sd_bus *bus, const char *path, void *userdata, char ***nodes, sd_bus_error *error) {
         _cleanup_hashmap_free_ Hashmap *images = NULL;
         _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
+        Manager *m = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
         Image *image;
         int r;
 
@@ -413,7 +414,7 @@ static int image_node_enumerator(sd_bus *bus, const char *path, void *userdata,
         if (!images)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
-        r = image_discover(IMAGE_MACHINE, NULL, images);
+        r = image_discover(m->runtime_scope, IMAGE_MACHINE, NULL, images);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 

src/machine/image-varlink.c

@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ int vl_method_clone_image(sd_varlink *link, sd_json_variant *parameters, sd_varl
                 return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to fork: %m");
         if (r == 0) {
                 errno_pipe_fd[0] = safe_close(errno_pipe_fd[0]);
-                r = image_clone(image, p.new_name, p.read_only > 0);
+                r = image_clone(image, p.new_name, p.read_only > 0, manager->runtime_scope);
                 report_errno_and_exit(errno_pipe_fd[1], r);
         }
 

src/machine/machined-core.c

@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ int manager_acquire_image(Manager *m, const char *name, Image **ret) {
                 return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to enable source: %m") ;
 
         _cleanup_(image_unrefp) Image *image = NULL;
-        r = image_find(IMAGE_MACHINE, name, NULL, &image);
+        r = image_find(m->runtime_scope, IMAGE_MACHINE, name, NULL, &image);
         if (r < 0)
                 return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to find image: %m");
 
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ int rename_image_and_update_cache(Manager *m, Image *image, const char* new_name
         /* The image is cached with its name, hence it is necessary to remove from the cache before renaming. */
         assert_se(hashmap_remove_value(m->image_cache, image->name, image));
 
-        r = image_rename(image, new_name);
+        r = image_rename(image, new_name, m->runtime_scope);
         if (r < 0) {
                 image = image_unref(image);
                 return r;

src/machine/machined-dbus.c

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ static int method_get_image(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_erro
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        r = image_find(IMAGE_MACHINE, name, NULL, NULL);
+        r = image_find(m->runtime_scope, IMAGE_MACHINE, name, NULL, NULL);
         if (r == -ENOENT)
                 return sd_bus_error_setf(error, BUS_ERROR_NO_SUCH_IMAGE, "No image '%s' known", name);
         if (r < 0)
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ static int method_list_images(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_er
         if (!images)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
-        r = image_discover(IMAGE_MACHINE, NULL, images);
+        r = image_discover(m->runtime_scope, IMAGE_MACHINE, NULL, images);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
@@ -753,7 +753,7 @@ static int method_clean_pool(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_err
                         goto child_fail;
                 }
 
-                r = image_discover(IMAGE_MACHINE, NULL, images);
+                r = image_discover(m->runtime_scope, IMAGE_MACHINE, NULL, images);
                 if (r < 0)
                         goto child_fail;
 

src/machine/machined-varlink.c

@@ -641,6 +641,7 @@ static int list_image_one_and_maybe_read_metadata(sd_varlink *link, Image *image
 }
 
 static int vl_method_list_images(sd_varlink *link, sd_json_variant *parameters, sd_varlink_method_flags_t flags, void *userdata) {
+        Manager *m = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
         struct params {
                 const char *image_name;
                 AcquireMetadata acquire_metadata;
@@ -667,7 +668,7 @@ static int vl_method_list_images(sd_varlink *link, sd_json_variant *parameters,
                 if (!image_name_is_valid(p.image_name))
                         return sd_varlink_error_invalid_parameter_name(link, "name");
 
-                r = image_find(IMAGE_MACHINE, p.image_name, /* root = */ NULL, &found);
+                r = image_find(m->runtime_scope, IMAGE_MACHINE, p.image_name, /* root = */ NULL, &found);
                 if (r == -ENOENT)
                         return sd_varlink_error(link, "io.systemd.MachineImage.NoSuchImage", NULL);
                 if (r < 0)
@@ -683,7 +684,7 @@ static int vl_method_list_images(sd_varlink *link, sd_json_variant *parameters,
         if (!images)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
-        r = image_discover(IMAGE_MACHINE, /* root = */ NULL, images);
+        r = image_discover(m->runtime_scope, IMAGE_MACHINE, /* root = */ NULL, images);
         if (r < 0)
                 return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to discover images: %m");
 

src/machine/machined.c

@@ -40,10 +40,14 @@ static int manager_new(Manager **ret) {
 
         assert(ret);
 
-        m = new0(Manager, 1);
+        m = new(Manager, 1);
         if (!m)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
+        *m = (Manager) {
+                .runtime_scope = RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM,
+        };
+
         m->machines = hashmap_new(&machine_hash_ops);
         if (!m->machines)
                 return -ENOMEM;

src/machine/machined.h

@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ struct Manager {
 
         sd_varlink_server *varlink_userdb_server;
         sd_varlink_server *varlink_machine_server;
+
+        RuntimeScope runtime_scope; /* for now: always RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM */
 };
 
 int manager_add_machine(Manager *m, const char *name, Machine **ret);

src/nspawn/nspawn-mount.c

@@ -475,7 +475,8 @@ int mount_sysfs(const char *dest, MountSettingsMask mount_settings) {
         if (!full)
                 return log_oom();
 
-        (void) mkdir(full, 0755);
+        if (mkdir(full, 0755) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to create directory '%s': %m", full);
 
         if (FLAGS_SET(mount_settings, MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_RO))
                 extra_flags |= MS_RDONLY;
@@ -1405,9 +1406,11 @@ done:
 #define NSPAWN_PRIVATE_FULLY_VISIBLE_PROCFS "/run/host/proc"
 #define NSPAWN_PRIVATE_FULLY_VISIBLE_SYSFS "/run/host/sys"
 
-int pin_fully_visible_fs(void) {
+int pin_fully_visible_api_fs(void) {
         int r;
 
+        log_debug("Pinning fully visible API FS");
+
         (void) mkdir_p(NSPAWN_PRIVATE_FULLY_VISIBLE_PROCFS, 0755);
         (void) mkdir_p(NSPAWN_PRIVATE_FULLY_VISIBLE_SYSFS, 0755);
 
@@ -1422,7 +1425,7 @@ int pin_fully_visible_fs(void) {
         return 0;
 }
 
-static int do_wipe_fully_visible_fs(void) {
+static int do_wipe_fully_visible_api_fs(void) {
         if (umount2(NSPAWN_PRIVATE_FULLY_VISIBLE_PROCFS, MNT_DETACH) < 0)
                 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to unmount temporary proc: %m");
 
@@ -1438,10 +1441,12 @@ static int do_wipe_fully_visible_fs(void) {
         return 0;
 }
 
-int wipe_fully_visible_fs(int mntns_fd) {
+int wipe_fully_visible_api_fs(int mntns_fd) {
         _cleanup_close_ int orig_mntns_fd = -EBADF;
         int r, rr;
 
+        log_debug("Wiping fully visible API FS");
+
         r = namespace_open(0,
                            /* ret_pidns_fd = */ NULL,
                            &orig_mntns_fd,
@@ -1459,7 +1464,7 @@ int wipe_fully_visible_fs(int mntns_fd) {
         if (r < 0)
                 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to enter mount namespace: %m");
 
-        rr = do_wipe_fully_visible_fs();
+        rr = do_wipe_fully_visible_api_fs();
 
         r = namespace_enter(/* pidns_fd = */ -EBADF,
                             orig_mntns_fd,

src/nspawn/nspawn-mount.h

@@ -73,5 +73,6 @@ int pivot_root_parse(char **pivot_root_new, char **pivot_root_old, const char *s
 int setup_pivot_root(const char *directory, const char *pivot_root_new, const char *pivot_root_old);
 
 int tmpfs_patch_options(const char *options,uid_t uid_shift, const char *selinux_apifs_context, char **ret);
-int pin_fully_visible_fs(void);
-int wipe_fully_visible_fs(int mntns_fd);
+
+int pin_fully_visible_api_fs(void);
+int wipe_fully_visible_api_fs(int mntns_fd);

src/nspawn/nspawn.c

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 #include "copy.h"
 #include "cpu-set-util.h"
 #include "dev-setup.h"
+#include "devnum-util.h"
 #include "discover-image.h"
 #include "dissect-image.h"
 #include "env-util.h"
@@ -1250,7 +1251,7 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                                 arg_uid_range = UINT32_C(0x10000);
 
                         } else if (streq(optarg, "identity")) {
-                                /* identity: User namespaces on, UID range is map the 0…0xFFFF range to
+                                /* identity: User namespaces on, UID range is map of the 0…0xFFFF range to
                                  * itself, i.e. we don't actually map anything, but do take benefit of
                                  * isolation of capability sets. */
                                 arg_userns_mode = USER_NAMESPACE_FIXED;
@@ -2323,7 +2324,7 @@ static int copy_devnode_one(const char *dest, const char *node, bool ignore_mkno
                 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create '%s': %m", dn);
 
         _cleanup_free_ char *sl = NULL;
-        if (asprintf(&sl, "%s/%u:%u", dn, major(st.st_rdev), minor(st.st_rdev)) < 0)
+        if (asprintf(&sl, "%s/" DEVNUM_FORMAT_STR, dn, DEVNUM_FORMAT_VAL(st.st_rdev)) < 0)
                 return log_oom();
 
         _cleanup_free_ char *prefixed = path_join(dest, sl);
@@ -2847,7 +2848,7 @@ static int reset_audit_loginuid(void) {
         if (!arg_privileged)
                 return 0;
 
-        r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/loginuid", &p);
+        r = read_virtual_file("/proc/self/loginuid", SIZE_MAX, &p, /* ret_size= */ NULL);
         if (r == -ENOENT)
                 return 0;
         if (r < 0)
@@ -3166,7 +3167,8 @@ static int determine_names(void) {
                 if (arg_machine) {
                         _cleanup_(image_unrefp) Image *i = NULL;
 
-                        r = image_find(IMAGE_MACHINE, arg_machine, NULL, &i);
+                        r = image_find(arg_privileged ? RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM : RUNTIME_SCOPE_USER,
+                                       IMAGE_MACHINE, arg_machine, NULL, &i);
                         if (r == -ENOENT)
                                 return log_error_errno(r, "No image for machine '%s'.", arg_machine);
                         if (r < 0)
@@ -3254,6 +3256,7 @@ static int chase_and_update(char **p, unsigned flags) {
 }
 
 static int determine_uid_shift(const char *directory) {
+        assert(directory);
 
         if (arg_userns_mode == USER_NAMESPACE_NO) {
                 arg_uid_shift = 0;
@@ -3932,7 +3935,7 @@ static int outer_child(
 
         _cleanup_(bind_user_context_freep) BindUserContext *bind_user_context = NULL;
         _cleanup_strv_free_ char **os_release_pairs = NULL;
-        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -EBADF, mntns_fd = -EBADF;
+        _cleanup_close_ int mntns_fd = -EBADF;
         bool idmap = false, enable_fuse;
         const char *p;
         pid_t pid;
@@ -4325,6 +4328,7 @@ static int outer_child(
          * visible. Hence there we do it the other way round: we first allocate a new set of namespaces
          * (and fork for it) for which we then mount sysfs/procfs, and only then switch root. */
 
+        _cleanup_close_ int notify_fd = -EBADF;
         if (arg_privileged) {
                 /* Mark everything as shared so our mounts get propagated down. This is required to make new
                  * bind mounts available in systemd services inside the container that create a new mount
@@ -4355,16 +4359,16 @@ static int outer_child(
                          * Note, the inner child wouldn't be able to unmount the instances on its own since
                          * it doesn't own the originating mount namespace. IOW, the outer child needs to do
                          * this. */
-                        r = pin_fully_visible_fs();
+                        r = pin_fully_visible_api_fs();
                         if (r < 0)
                                 return r;
                 }
 
-                fd = setup_notify_child(NULL);
+                notify_fd = setup_notify_child(NULL);
         } else
-                fd = setup_notify_child(directory);
-        if (fd < 0)
-                return fd;
+                notify_fd = setup_notify_child(directory);
+        if (notify_fd < 0)
+                return notify_fd;
 
         pid = raw_clone(SIGCHLD|CLONE_NEWNS|
                         arg_clone_ns_flags |
@@ -4429,7 +4433,7 @@ static int outer_child(
                 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO),
                                        "Short write while sending machine ID.");
 
-        l = send_one_fd(fd_outer_socket, fd, 0);
+        l = send_one_fd(fd_outer_socket, notify_fd, 0);
         if (l < 0)
                 return log_error_errno(l, "Failed to send notify fd: %m");
 
@@ -5623,7 +5627,7 @@ static int run_container(
                 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESRCH), "Child died too early.");
 
         if (arg_userns_mode != USER_NAMESPACE_NO) {
-                r = wipe_fully_visible_fs(mntns_fd);
+                r = wipe_fully_visible_api_fs(mntns_fd);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
                 mntns_fd = safe_close(mntns_fd);

src/path/path.c

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "main-func.h"
 #include "pager.h"
 #include "pretty-print.h"
+#include "sort-util.h"
 #include "string-util.h"
 
 static const char *arg_suffix = NULL;
@@ -101,27 +102,50 @@ static const char* const path_table[_SD_PATH_MAX] = {
         [SD_PATH_SYSTEMD_USER_ENVIRONMENT_GENERATOR]          = "systemd-user-environment-generator",
         [SD_PATH_SYSTEMD_SEARCH_SYSTEM_ENVIRONMENT_GENERATOR] = "systemd-search-system-environment-generator",
         [SD_PATH_SYSTEMD_SEARCH_USER_ENVIRONMENT_GENERATOR]   = "systemd-search-user-environment-generator",
+
+        [SD_PATH_SYSTEM_CREDENTIAL_STORE]                     = "system-credential-store",
+        [SD_PATH_SYSTEM_SEARCH_CREDENTIAL_STORE]              = "system-search-credential-store",
+        [SD_PATH_SYSTEM_CREDENTIAL_STORE_ENCRYPTED]           = "system-credential-store-encrypted",
+        [SD_PATH_SYSTEM_SEARCH_CREDENTIAL_STORE_ENCRYPTED]    = "system-search-credential-store-encrypted",
+        [SD_PATH_USER_CREDENTIAL_STORE]                       = "user-credential-store",
+        [SD_PATH_USER_SEARCH_CREDENTIAL_STORE]                = "user-search-credential-store",
+        [SD_PATH_USER_CREDENTIAL_STORE_ENCRYPTED]             = "user-credential-store-encrypted",
+        [SD_PATH_USER_SEARCH_CREDENTIAL_STORE_ENCRYPTED]      = "user-search-credential-store-encrypted",
+
 };
 
+static int order_cmp(const size_t *a, const size_t *b) {
+        assert(*a < ELEMENTSOF(path_table));
+        assert(*b < ELEMENTSOF(path_table));
+        return strcmp(path_table[*a], path_table[*b]);
+}
+
 static int list_paths(void) {
-        int r = 0;
+        int ret = 0, r;
 
         pager_open(arg_pager_flags);
 
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(path_table); i++) {
-                _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
-                int q;
+        size_t order[ELEMENTSOF(path_table)];
 
-                q = sd_path_lookup(i, arg_suffix, &p);
-                if (q < 0) {
-                        log_full_errno(q == -ENXIO ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_ERR,
-                                       q, "Failed to query %s: %m", path_table[i]);
-                        if (q != -ENXIO)
-                                RET_GATHER(r, q);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(order); i++)
+                order[i] = i;
+
+        typesafe_qsort(order, ELEMENTSOF(order), order_cmp);
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(order); i++) {
+                size_t j = order[i];
+                const char *t = ASSERT_PTR(path_table[j]);
+
+                _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+                r = sd_path_lookup(j, arg_suffix, &p);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_full_errno(r == -ENXIO ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_ERR, r, "Failed to query %s, proceeding: %m", t);
+                        if (r != -ENXIO)
+                                RET_GATHER(ret, r);
                         continue;
                 }
 
-                printf("%s%s:%s %s\n", ansi_highlight(), path_table[i], ansi_normal(), p);
+                printf("%s%s:%s %s\n", ansi_highlight(), t, ansi_normal(), p);
         }
 
         return r;
@@ -154,14 +178,16 @@ static int help(void) {
         if (r < 0)
                 return log_oom();
 
-        printf("%s [OPTIONS...] [NAME...]\n\n"
-               "Show system and user paths.\n\n"
+        printf("%s [OPTIONS...] [NAME...]\n"
+               "\n%sShow system and user paths.%s\n\n"
                "  -h --help             Show this help\n"
                "     --version          Show package version\n"
                "     --suffix=SUFFIX    Suffix to append to paths\n"
                "     --no-pager         Do not pipe output into a pager\n"
                "\nSee the %s for details.\n",
                program_invocation_short_name,
+               ansi_highlight(),
+               ansi_normal(),
                link);
 
         return 0;
@@ -224,10 +250,11 @@ static int run(int argc, char* argv[]) {
         if (r <= 0)
                 return r;
 
-        if (argc > optind)
+        if (argc > optind) {
+                r = 0;
                 for (int i = optind; i < argc; i++)
                         RET_GATHER(r, print_path(argv[i]));
-        else
+        } else
                 r = list_paths();
 
         return r;

src/portable/portable.c

@@ -173,6 +173,7 @@ DEFINE_PRIVATE_HASH_OPS_WITH_VALUE_DESTRUCTOR(portable_metadata_hash_ops, char,
                                               PortableMetadata, portable_metadata_unref);
 
 static int extract_now(
+                RuntimeScope scope,
                 const char *where,
                 char **matches,
                 const char *image_name,
@@ -199,6 +200,7 @@ static int extract_now(
          * parent. To handle both cases in one call this function also gets a 'socket_fd' parameter, which when >= 0 is
          * used to send the data to the parent. */
 
+        assert(scope < _RUNTIME_SCOPE_MAX);
         assert(where);
 
         /* First, find os-release/extension-release and send it upstream (or just save it). */
@@ -248,7 +250,7 @@ static int extract_now(
         /* Then, send unit file data to the parent (or/and add it to the hashmap). For that we use our usual unit
          * discovery logic. Note that we force looking inside of /lib/systemd/system/ for units too, as the
          * image might have a legacy split-usr layout. */
-        r = lookup_paths_init(&paths, RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM, LOOKUP_PATHS_SPLIT_USR, where);
+        r = lookup_paths_init(&paths, scope, LOOKUP_PATHS_SPLIT_USR, where);
         if (r < 0)
                 return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to acquire lookup paths: %m");
 
@@ -348,6 +350,7 @@ static int extract_now(
 }
 
 static int portable_extract_by_path(
+                RuntimeScope scope,
                 const char *path,
                 bool path_is_extension,
                 bool relax_extension_release_check,
@@ -381,7 +384,7 @@ static int portable_extract_by_path(
                 if (r < 0)
                         return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to extract image name from path '%s': %m", path);
 
-                r = extract_now(path, matches, image_name, path_is_extension, /* relax_extension_release_check= */ false, -1, &os_release, &unit_files);
+                r = extract_now(scope, path, matches, image_name, path_is_extension, /* relax_extension_release_check= */ false, -1, &os_release, &unit_files);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
 
@@ -458,7 +461,7 @@ static int portable_extract_by_path(
                                 goto child_finish;
                         }
 
-                        r = extract_now(tmpdir, matches, m->image_name, path_is_extension, relax_extension_release_check, seq[1], NULL, NULL);
+                        r = extract_now(scope, tmpdir, matches, m->image_name, path_is_extension, relax_extension_release_check, seq[1], NULL, NULL);
 
                 child_finish:
                         _exit(r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS);
@@ -549,6 +552,7 @@ static int portable_extract_by_path(
 }
 
 static int extract_image_and_extensions(
+                RuntimeScope scope,
                 const char *name_or_path,
                 char **matches,
                 char **extension_image_paths,
@@ -595,7 +599,7 @@ static int extract_image_and_extensions(
                 name_or_path = result.path;
         }
 
-        r = image_find_harder(IMAGE_PORTABLE, name_or_path, /* root= */ NULL, &image);
+        r = image_find_harder(scope, IMAGE_PORTABLE, name_or_path, /* root= */ NULL, &image);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
@@ -633,7 +637,7 @@ static int extract_image_and_extensions(
                                 path = ext_result.path;
                         }
 
-                        r = image_find_harder(IMAGE_PORTABLE, path, NULL, &new);
+                        r = image_find_harder(scope, IMAGE_PORTABLE, path, NULL, &new);
                         if (r < 0)
                                 return r;
 
@@ -645,6 +649,7 @@ static int extract_image_and_extensions(
         }
 
         r = portable_extract_by_path(
+                        scope,
                         image->path,
                         /* path_is_extension= */ false,
                         /* relax_extension_release_check= */ false,
@@ -687,6 +692,7 @@ static int extract_image_and_extensions(
                 const char *e;
 
                 r = portable_extract_by_path(
+                                scope,
                                 ext->path,
                                 /* path_is_extension= */ true,
                                 relax_extension_release_check,
@@ -754,6 +760,7 @@ static int extract_image_and_extensions(
 }
 
 int portable_extract(
+                RuntimeScope scope,
                 const char *name_or_path,
                 char **matches,
                 char **extension_image_paths,
@@ -775,6 +782,7 @@ int portable_extract(
         assert(name_or_path);
 
         r = extract_image_and_extensions(
+                        scope,
                         name_or_path,
                         matches,
                         extension_image_paths,
@@ -1426,6 +1434,7 @@ static int image_target_path(
 }
 
 static int install_image(
+                RuntimeScope scope,
                 const char *image_path,
                 PortableFlags flags,
                 PortableChange **changes,
@@ -1434,13 +1443,14 @@ static int install_image(
         _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
         int r;
 
+        assert(scope < _RUNTIME_SCOPE_MAX);
         assert(image_path);
 
         /* If the image is outside of the image search also link it into it, so that it can be found with
          * short image names and is listed among the images. If we are operating in mixed mode, the image is
          * copied instead. */
 
-        if (image_in_search_path(IMAGE_PORTABLE, NULL, image_path))
+        if (image_in_search_path(scope, IMAGE_PORTABLE, NULL, image_path))
                 return 0;
 
         r = image_target_path(image_path, flags, &target);
@@ -1485,6 +1495,7 @@ static int install_image(
 }
 
 static int install_image_and_extensions(
+                RuntimeScope scope,
                 const Image *image,
                 OrderedHashmap *extension_images,
                 PortableFlags flags,
@@ -1497,12 +1508,12 @@ static int install_image_and_extensions(
         assert(image);
 
         ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH(ext, extension_images) {
-                r = install_image(ext->path, flags, changes, n_changes);
+                r = install_image(scope, ext->path, flags, changes, n_changes);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
         }
 
-        r = install_image(image->path, flags, changes, n_changes);
+        r = install_image(scope, image->path, flags, changes, n_changes);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
@@ -1595,6 +1606,7 @@ static void log_portable_verb(
 }
 
 int portable_attach(
+                RuntimeScope scope,
                 sd_bus *bus,
                 const char *name_or_path,
                 char **matches,
@@ -1615,7 +1627,10 @@ int portable_attach(
         PortableMetadata *item;
         int r;
 
+        assert(scope < _RUNTIME_SCOPE_MAX);
+
         r = extract_image_and_extensions(
+                        scope,
                         name_or_path,
                         matches,
                         extension_image_paths,
@@ -1672,13 +1687,13 @@ int portable_attach(
                                 strempty(extensions_joined));
         }
 
-        r = lookup_paths_init(&paths, RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM, /* flags= */ 0, NULL);
+        r = lookup_paths_init(&paths, scope, /* flags= */ 0, NULL);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
         if (!FLAGS_SET(flags, PORTABLE_REATTACH) && !FLAGS_SET(flags, PORTABLE_FORCE_ATTACH))
                 HASHMAP_FOREACH(item, unit_files) {
-                        r = unit_file_exists(RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM, &paths, item->name);
+                        r = unit_file_exists(scope, &paths, item->name);
                         if (r < 0)
                                 return sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, r, "Failed to determine whether unit '%s' exists on the host: %m", item->name);
                         if (r > 0)
@@ -1700,7 +1715,7 @@ int portable_attach(
 
         /* We don't care too much for the image symlink/copy, it's just a convenience thing, it's not necessary for
          * proper operation otherwise. */
-        (void) install_image_and_extensions(image, extension_images, flags, changes, n_changes);
+        (void) install_image_and_extensions(scope, image, extension_images, flags, changes, n_changes);
 
         log_portable_verb(
                         "attached",
@@ -1844,6 +1859,7 @@ static int test_chroot_dropin(
 }
 
 int portable_detach(
+                RuntimeScope scope,
                 sd_bus *bus,
                 const char *name_or_path,
                 char **extension_image_paths,
@@ -1857,12 +1873,12 @@ int portable_detach(
         _cleanup_free_ char *extensions = NULL;
         _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
         const char *where, *item;
-        int ret = 0;
-        int r;
+        int r, ret = 0;
 
+        assert(scope < _RUNTIME_SCOPE_MAX);
         assert(name_or_path);
 
-        r = lookup_paths_init(&paths, RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM, /* flags= */ 0, NULL);
+        r = lookup_paths_init(&paths, scope, /* flags= */ 0, NULL);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
@@ -1930,7 +1946,7 @@ int portable_detach(
                         if (r == 0)
                                 break;
 
-                        if (path_is_absolute(image) && !image_in_search_path(IMAGE_PORTABLE, NULL, image)) {
+                        if (path_is_absolute(image) && !image_in_search_path(scope, IMAGE_PORTABLE, NULL, image)) {
                                 r = set_ensure_consume(&markers, &path_hash_ops_free, TAKE_PTR(image));
                                 if (r < 0)
                                         return r;
@@ -2031,6 +2047,7 @@ not_found:
 }
 
 static int portable_get_state_internal(
+                RuntimeScope scope,
                 sd_bus *bus,
                 const char *name_or_path,
                 char **extension_image_paths,
@@ -2045,10 +2062,11 @@ static int portable_get_state_internal(
         const char *where;
         int r;
 
+        assert(scope < _RUNTIME_SCOPE_MAX);
         assert(name_or_path);
         assert(ret);
 
-        r = lookup_paths_init(&paths, RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM, /* flags= */ 0, NULL);
+        r = lookup_paths_init(&paths, scope, /* flags= */ 0, NULL);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
@@ -2084,7 +2102,7 @@ static int portable_get_state_internal(
                 if (r == 0)
                         continue;
 
-                r = unit_file_lookup_state(RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM, &paths, de->d_name, &state);
+                r = unit_file_lookup_state(scope, &paths, de->d_name, &state);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to determine unit file state of '%s': %m", de->d_name);
                 if (!IN_SET(state, UNIT_FILE_STATIC, UNIT_FILE_DISABLED, UNIT_FILE_LINKED, UNIT_FILE_LINKED_RUNTIME))
@@ -2109,6 +2127,7 @@ static int portable_get_state_internal(
 }
 
 int portable_get_state(
+                RuntimeScope scope,
                 sd_bus *bus,
                 const char *name_or_path,
                 char **extension_image_paths,
@@ -2125,12 +2144,19 @@ int portable_get_state(
         /* We look for matching units twice: once in the regular directories, and once in the runtime directories — but
          * the latter only if we didn't find anything in the former. */
 
-        r = portable_get_state_internal(bus, name_or_path, extension_image_paths, flags & ~PORTABLE_RUNTIME, &state, error);
+        r = portable_get_state_internal(
+                        scope,
+                        bus,
+                        name_or_path,
+                        extension_image_paths,
+                        flags & ~PORTABLE_RUNTIME,
+                        &state,
+                        error);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
         if (state == PORTABLE_DETACHED) {
-                r = portable_get_state_internal(bus, name_or_path, extension_image_paths, flags | PORTABLE_RUNTIME, &state, error);
+                r = portable_get_state_internal(scope, bus, name_or_path, extension_image_paths, flags | PORTABLE_RUNTIME, &state, error);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
         }

src/portable/portable.h

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "dissect-image.h"
 #include "hashmap.h"
 #include "macro.h"
+#include "runtime-scope.h"
 #include "set.h"
 #include "string-util.h"
 
@@ -69,12 +70,12 @@ DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(PortableMetadata*, portable_metadata_unref);
 
 int portable_metadata_hashmap_to_sorted_array(Hashmap *unit_files, PortableMetadata ***ret);
 
-int portable_extract(const char *image, char **matches, char **extension_image_paths, const ImagePolicy *image_policy, PortableFlags flags, PortableMetadata **ret_os_release, OrderedHashmap **ret_extension_releases, Hashmap **ret_unit_files, char ***ret_valid_prefixes, sd_bus_error *error);
+int portable_extract(RuntimeScope scope, const char *image, char **matches, char **extension_image_paths, const ImagePolicy *image_policy, PortableFlags flags, PortableMetadata **ret_os_release, OrderedHashmap **ret_extension_releases, Hashmap **ret_unit_files, char ***ret_valid_prefixes, sd_bus_error *error);
 
-int portable_attach(sd_bus *bus, const char *name_or_path, char **matches, const char *profile, char **extension_images, const ImagePolicy* image_policy, PortableFlags flags, PortableChange **changes, size_t *n_changes, sd_bus_error *error);
-int portable_detach(sd_bus *bus, const char *name_or_path, char **extension_image_paths, PortableFlags flags, PortableChange **changes, size_t *n_changes, sd_bus_error *error);
+int portable_attach(RuntimeScope scope, sd_bus *bus, const char *name_or_path, char **matches, const char *profile, char **extension_images, const ImagePolicy* image_policy, PortableFlags flags, PortableChange **changes, size_t *n_changes, sd_bus_error *error);
+int portable_detach(RuntimeScope scope, sd_bus *bus, const char *name_or_path, char **extension_image_paths, PortableFlags flags, PortableChange **changes, size_t *n_changes, sd_bus_error *error);
 
-int portable_get_state(sd_bus *bus, const char *name_or_path, char **extension_image_paths, PortableFlags flags, PortableState *ret, sd_bus_error *error);
+int portable_get_state(RuntimeScope scope, sd_bus *bus, const char *name_or_path, char **extension_image_paths, PortableFlags flags, PortableState *ret, sd_bus_error *error);
 
 int portable_get_profiles(char ***ret);
 

src/portable/portabled-bus.c

@@ -165,6 +165,7 @@ static int method_list_images(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_er
                         return r;
 
                 r = portable_get_state(
+                                m->runtime_scope,
                                 sd_bus_message_get_bus(message),
                                 image->path,
                                 NULL,
@@ -225,6 +226,7 @@ static int method_get_image_metadata(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd
 
 static int method_get_image_state(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
         _cleanup_strv_free_ char **extension_images = NULL;
+        Manager *m = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
         const char *name_or_path;
         PortableState state;
         int r;
@@ -254,6 +256,7 @@ static int method_get_image_state(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bu
         }
 
         r = portable_get_state(
+                        m->runtime_scope,
                         sd_bus_message_get_bus(message),
                         name_or_path,
                         extension_images,
@@ -330,6 +333,7 @@ static int method_detach_image(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_e
                 return 1; /* Will call us back */
 
         r = portable_detach(
+                        m->runtime_scope,
                         sd_bus_message_get_bus(message),
                         name_or_path,
                         extension_images,

src/portable/portabled-image-bus.c

@@ -114,10 +114,8 @@ int bus_image_common_get_metadata(
         assert(name_or_path || image);
         assert(message);
 
-        if (!m) {
-                assert(image);
-                m = image->userdata;
-        }
+        if (!m)
+                m = ASSERT_PTR(ASSERT_PTR(image)->userdata);
 
         bool have_exti = sd_bus_message_is_method_call(message, NULL, "GetImageMetadataWithExtensions") ||
                          sd_bus_message_is_method_call(message, NULL, "GetMetadataWithExtensions");
@@ -160,6 +158,7 @@ int bus_image_common_get_metadata(
                 return 1;
 
         r = portable_extract(
+                        m->runtime_scope,
                         image->path,
                         matches,
                         extension_images,
@@ -264,6 +263,7 @@ static int bus_image_method_get_state(
 
         _cleanup_strv_free_ char **extension_images = NULL;
         Image *image = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
+        Manager *m = ASSERT_PTR(image->userdata);
         PortableState state;
         int r;
 
@@ -288,6 +288,7 @@ static int bus_image_method_get_state(
         }
 
         r = portable_get_state(
+                        m->runtime_scope,
                         sd_bus_message_get_bus(message),
                         image->path,
                         extension_images,
@@ -385,6 +386,7 @@ int bus_image_common_attach(
                 return 1;
 
         r = portable_attach(
+                        m->runtime_scope,
                         sd_bus_message_get_bus(message),
                         image->path,
                         matches,
@@ -463,6 +465,7 @@ static int bus_image_method_detach(
                 return 1; /* Will call us back */
 
         r = portable_detach(
+                        m->runtime_scope,
                         sd_bus_message_get_bus(message),
                         image->path,
                         extension_images,
@@ -513,6 +516,7 @@ int bus_image_common_remove(
                 return 1; /* Will call us back */
 
         r = portable_get_state(
+                        m->runtime_scope,
                         sd_bus_message_get_bus(message),
                         image->path,
                         NULL,
@@ -716,6 +720,7 @@ int bus_image_common_reattach(
                 return 1;
 
         r = portable_detach(
+                        m->runtime_scope,
                         sd_bus_message_get_bus(message),
                         image->path,
                         extension_images,
@@ -727,6 +732,7 @@ int bus_image_common_reattach(
                 return r;
 
         r = portable_attach(
+                        m->runtime_scope,
                         sd_bus_message_get_bus(message),
                         image->path,
                         matches,
@@ -1039,7 +1045,7 @@ int bus_image_acquire(
         if (image_name_is_valid(name_or_path)) {
 
                 /* If it's a short name, let's search for it */
-                r = image_find(IMAGE_PORTABLE, name_or_path, NULL, &loaded);
+                r = image_find(m->runtime_scope, IMAGE_PORTABLE, name_or_path, NULL, &loaded);
                 if (r == -ENOENT)
                         return sd_bus_error_setf(error, BUS_ERROR_NO_SUCH_PORTABLE_IMAGE,
                                                  "No image '%s' found.", name_or_path);

src/portable/portabled-image.c

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ int manager_image_cache_discover(Manager *m, Hashmap *images, sd_bus_error *erro
         /* A wrapper around image_discover() (for finding images in search path) and portable_discover_attached() (for
          * finding attached images). */
 
-        r = image_discover(IMAGE_PORTABLE, NULL, images);
+        r = image_discover(m->runtime_scope, IMAGE_PORTABLE, NULL, images);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 

src/portable/portabled.c

@@ -28,10 +28,14 @@ static int manager_new(Manager **ret) {
 
         assert(ret);
 
-        m = new0(Manager, 1);
+        m = new(Manager, 1);
         if (!m)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
+        *m = (Manager) {
+                .runtime_scope = RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM,
+        };
+
         r = sd_event_default(&m->event);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;

src/portable/portabled.h

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "bus-object.h"
 #include "hashmap.h"
 #include "list.h"
+#include "runtime-scope.h"
 
 typedef struct Manager Manager;
 
@@ -23,6 +24,8 @@ struct Manager {
 
         LIST_HEAD(Operation, operations);
         unsigned n_operations;
+
+        RuntimeScope runtime_scope; /* for now always RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM */
 };
 
 extern const BusObjectImplementation manager_object;

src/shared/condition.c

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include "battery-util.h"
 #include "blockdev-util.h"
 #include "cap-list.h"
+#include "capability-util.h"
 #include "cgroup-util.h"
 #include "compare-operator.h"
 #include "condition.h"
@@ -701,45 +702,23 @@ static int condition_test_security(Condition *c, char **env) {
 }
 
 static int condition_test_capability(Condition *c, char **env) {
-        unsigned long long capabilities = (unsigned long long) -1;
-        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
-        int value, r;
+        int r;
 
         assert(c);
         assert(c->parameter);
         assert(c->type == CONDITION_CAPABILITY);
 
         /* If it's an invalid capability, we don't have it */
-        value = capability_from_name(c->parameter);
+        int value = capability_from_name(c->parameter);
         if (value < 0)
                 return -EINVAL;
 
-        /* If it's a valid capability we default to assume
-         * that we have it */
+        CapabilityQuintet q;
+        r = pidref_get_capability(&PIDREF_MAKE_FROM_PID(getpid_cached()), &q);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
-        f = fopen("/proc/self/status", "re");
-        if (!f)
-                return -errno;
-
-        for (;;) {
-                _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
-
-                r = read_line(f, LONG_LINE_MAX, &line);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-                if (r == 0)
-                        break;
-
-                const char *p = startswith(line, "CapBnd:");
-                if (p) {
-                        if (sscanf(p, "%llx", &capabilities) != 1)
-                                return -EIO;
-
-                        break;
-                }
-        }
-
-        return !!(capabilities & (1ULL << value));
+        return !!(q.bounding & ((UINT64_C(1) << value)));
 }
 
 static int condition_test_needs_update(Condition *c, char **env) {

src/shared/discover-image.c

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include "sd-path.h"
+
 #include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "blockdev-util.h"
 #include "btrfs-util.h"
@@ -553,12 +555,95 @@ static int image_make(
         return -EMEDIUMTYPE;
 }
 
-static const char *pick_image_search_path(ImageClass class) {
-        if (class < 0 || class >= _IMAGE_CLASS_MAX)
-                return NULL;
+static int pick_image_search_path(
+                RuntimeScope scope,
+                ImageClass class,
+                char ***ret) {
 
-        /* Use the initrd search path if there is one, otherwise use the common one */
-        return in_initrd() && image_search_path_initrd[class] ? image_search_path_initrd[class] : image_search_path[class];
+        int r;
+
+        assert(scope < _RUNTIME_SCOPE_MAX && scope != RUNTIME_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+        assert(class < _IMAGE_CLASS_MAX);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (class < 0) {
+                *ret = NULL;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (scope < 0) {
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **a = NULL, **b = NULL;
+
+                r = pick_image_search_path(RUNTIME_SCOPE_USER, class, &a);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = pick_image_search_path(RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM, class, &b);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = strv_extend_strv(&a, b, /* filter_duplicates= */ false);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                *ret = TAKE_PTR(a);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        switch (scope) {
+
+        case RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM: {
+                const char *ns;
+                /* Use the initrd search path if there is one, otherwise use the common one */
+                ns = in_initrd() && image_search_path_initrd[class] ?
+                        image_search_path_initrd[class] :
+                        image_search_path[class];
+                if (!ns)
+                        break;
+
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **search = strv_split_nulstr(ns);
+                if (!search)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                *ret = TAKE_PTR(search);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        case RUNTIME_SCOPE_USER: {
+                if (class != IMAGE_MACHINE)
+                        break;
+
+                static const uint64_t dirs[] = {
+                        SD_PATH_USER_RUNTIME,
+                        SD_PATH_USER_STATE_PRIVATE,
+                        SD_PATH_USER_LIBRARY_PRIVATE,
+                };
+
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **search = NULL;
+                FOREACH_ELEMENT(d, dirs) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+
+                        r = sd_path_lookup(*d, "machines", &p);
+                        if (r == -ENXIO) /* No XDG_RUNTIME_DIR set */
+                                continue;
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = strv_consume(&search, TAKE_PTR(p));
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+
+                *ret = TAKE_PTR(search);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        default:
+                assert_not_reached();
+        }
+
+        *ret = NULL;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static char **make_possible_filenames(ImageClass class, const char *image_name) {
@@ -592,7 +677,8 @@ static char **make_possible_filenames(ImageClass class, const char *image_name)
         return TAKE_PTR(l);
 }
 
-int image_find(ImageClass class,
+int image_find(RuntimeScope scope,
+               ImageClass class,
                const char *name,
                const char *root,
                Image **ret) {
@@ -602,6 +688,7 @@ int image_find(ImageClass class,
          * some root directory.) */
         int open_flags = root ? O_NOFOLLOW : 0, r;
 
+        assert(scope < _RUNTIME_SCOPE_MAX && scope != RUNTIME_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
         assert(class >= 0);
         assert(class < _IMAGE_CLASS_MAX);
         assert(name);
@@ -614,11 +701,16 @@ int image_find(ImageClass class,
         if (!names)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
-        NULSTR_FOREACH(path, pick_image_search_path(class)) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **search = NULL;
+        r = pick_image_search_path(scope, class, &search);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(path, search) {
                 _cleanup_free_ char *resolved = NULL;
                 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
 
-                r = chase_and_opendir(path, root, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT, &resolved, &d);
+                r = chase_and_opendir(*path, root, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT, &resolved, &d);
                 if (r == -ENOENT)
                         continue;
                 if (r < 0)
@@ -722,7 +814,7 @@ int image_find(ImageClass class,
                 }
         }
 
-        if (class == IMAGE_MACHINE && streq(name, ".host")) {
+        if (scope == RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM && class == IMAGE_MACHINE && streq(name, ".host")) {
                 r = image_make(class,
                                ".host",
                                /* dir_fd= */ AT_FDCWD,
@@ -771,14 +863,21 @@ int image_from_path(const char *path, Image **ret) {
                         ret);
 }
 
-int image_find_harder(ImageClass class, const char *name_or_path, const char *root, Image **ret) {
+int image_find_harder(
+                RuntimeScope scope,
+                ImageClass class,
+                const char *name_or_path,
+                const char *root,
+                Image **ret) {
+
         if (image_name_is_valid(name_or_path))
-                return image_find(class, name_or_path, root, ret);
+                return image_find(scope, class, name_or_path, root, ret);
 
         return image_from_path(name_or_path, ret);
 }
 
 int image_discover(
+                RuntimeScope scope,
                 ImageClass class,
                 const char *root,
                 Hashmap *h) {
@@ -788,15 +887,21 @@ int image_discover(
          * some root directory.) */
         int open_flags = root ? O_NOFOLLOW : 0, r;
 
+        assert(scope < _RUNTIME_SCOPE_MAX && scope != RUNTIME_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
         assert(class >= 0);
         assert(class < _IMAGE_CLASS_MAX);
         assert(h);
 
-        NULSTR_FOREACH(path, pick_image_search_path(class)) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **search = NULL;
+        r = pick_image_search_path(scope, class, &search);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(path, search) {
                 _cleanup_free_ char *resolved = NULL;
                 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
 
-                r = chase_and_opendir(path, root, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT, &resolved, &d);
+                r = chase_and_opendir(*path, root, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT, &resolved, &d);
                 if (r == -ENOENT)
                         continue;
                 if (r < 0)
@@ -946,7 +1051,7 @@ int image_discover(
                 }
         }
 
-        if (class == IMAGE_MACHINE && !hashmap_contains(h, ".host")) {
+        if (scope == RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM && class == IMAGE_MACHINE && !hashmap_contains(h, ".host")) {
                 _cleanup_(image_unrefp) Image *image = NULL;
 
                 r = image_make(IMAGE_MACHINE,
@@ -1063,7 +1168,7 @@ static int rename_auxiliary_file(const char *path, const char *new_name, const c
         return rename_noreplace(AT_FDCWD, path, AT_FDCWD, rs);
 }
 
-int image_rename(Image *i, const char *new_name) {
+int image_rename(Image *i, const char *new_name, RuntimeScope scope) {
         _cleanup_(release_lock_file) LockFile global_lock = LOCK_FILE_INIT, local_lock = LOCK_FILE_INIT, name_lock = LOCK_FILE_INIT;
         _cleanup_free_ char *new_path = NULL, *nn = NULL, *roothash = NULL;
         _cleanup_strv_free_ char **settings = NULL;
@@ -1098,7 +1203,7 @@ int image_rename(Image *i, const char *new_name) {
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        r = image_find(IMAGE_MACHINE, new_name, NULL, NULL);
+        r = image_find(scope, IMAGE_MACHINE, new_name, NULL, NULL);
         if (r >= 0)
                 return -EEXIST;
         if (r != -ENOENT)
@@ -1185,7 +1290,7 @@ static int clone_auxiliary_file(const char *path, const char *new_name, const ch
         return copy_file_atomic(path, rs, 0664, COPY_REFLINK);
 }
 
-int image_clone(Image *i, const char *new_name, bool read_only) {
+int image_clone(Image *i, const char *new_name, bool read_only, RuntimeScope scope) {
         _cleanup_(release_lock_file) LockFile name_lock = LOCK_FILE_INIT;
         _cleanup_strv_free_ char **settings = NULL;
         _cleanup_free_ char *roothash = NULL;
@@ -1212,7 +1317,7 @@ int image_clone(Image *i, const char *new_name, bool read_only) {
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        r = image_find(IMAGE_MACHINE, new_name, NULL, NULL);
+        r = image_find(scope, IMAGE_MACHINE, new_name, NULL, NULL);
         if (r >= 0)
                 return -EEXIST;
         if (r != -ENOENT)
@@ -1646,24 +1751,35 @@ int image_name_lock(const char *name, int operation, LockFile *ret) {
 }
 
 bool image_in_search_path(
+                RuntimeScope scope,
                 ImageClass class,
                 const char *root,
                 const char *image) {
 
+        int r;
+
+        assert(scope < _RUNTIME_SCOPE_MAX && scope != RUNTIME_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+        assert(class >= 0);
+        assert(class < _IMAGE_CLASS_MAX);
         assert(image);
 
-        NULSTR_FOREACH(path, pick_image_search_path(class)) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **search = NULL;
+        r = pick_image_search_path(scope, class, &search);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(path, search) {
                 const char *p, *q;
                 size_t k;
 
                 if (!empty_or_root(root)) {
-                        q = path_startswith(path, root);
+                        q = path_startswith(*path, root);
                         if (!q)
                                 continue;
                 } else
-                        q = path;
+                        q = *path;
 
-                p = path_startswith(q, path);
+                p = path_startswith(q, *path);
                 if (!p)
                         continue;
 

src/shared/discover-image.h

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include "macro.h"
 #include "os-util.h"
 #include "path-util.h"
+#include "runtime-scope.h"
 #include "string-util.h"
 #include "time-util.h"
 
@@ -60,14 +61,14 @@ Image *image_ref(Image *i);
 
 DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(Image*, image_unref);
 
-int image_find(ImageClass class, const char *name, const char *root, Image **ret);
+int image_find(RuntimeScope scope, ImageClass class, const char *name, const char *root, Image **ret);
 int image_from_path(const char *path, Image **ret);
-int image_find_harder(ImageClass class, const char *name_or_path, const char *root, Image **ret);
-int image_discover(ImageClass class, const char *root, Hashmap *map);
+int image_find_harder(RuntimeScope scope, ImageClass class, const char *name_or_path, const char *root, Image **ret);
+int image_discover(RuntimeScope scope, ImageClass class, const char *root, Hashmap *map);
 
 int image_remove(Image *i);
-int image_rename(Image *i, const char *new_name);
-int image_clone(Image *i, const char *new_name, bool read_only);
+int image_rename(Image *i, const char *new_name, RuntimeScope scope);
+int image_clone(Image *i, const char *new_name, bool read_only, RuntimeScope scope);
 int image_read_only(Image *i, bool b);
 
 const char* image_type_to_string(ImageType t) _const_;
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ int image_set_limit(Image *i, uint64_t referenced_max);
 
 int image_read_metadata(Image *i, const ImagePolicy *image_policy);
 
-bool image_in_search_path(ImageClass class, const char *root, const char *image);
+bool image_in_search_path(RuntimeScope scope, ImageClass class, const char *root, const char *image);
 
 static inline char **image_extension_release(Image *image, ImageClass class) {
         assert(image);

src/shared/mount-util.c

@@ -536,6 +536,8 @@ int mount_switch_root_full(const char *path, unsigned long mount_propagation_fla
                 }
         }
 
+        log_debug("Successfully switched root to '%s'.", path);
+
         /* Finally, let's establish the requested propagation flags. */
         if (mount_propagation_flag == 0)
                 return 0;
@@ -1319,7 +1321,7 @@ int make_userns(uid_t uid_shift, uid_t uid_range, uid_t source_owner, uid_t dest
          * process whose only purpose is to give us a new user namespace. It's killed when we got it. */
 
         if (!userns_shift_range_valid(uid_shift, uid_range))
-                return -EINVAL;
+                return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Invalid UID range for user namespace.");
 
         if (IN_SET(idmapping, REMOUNT_IDMAPPING_NONE, REMOUNT_IDMAPPING_HOST_ROOT)) {
                 if (asprintf(&line, UID_FMT " " UID_FMT " " UID_FMT "\n", 0u, uid_shift, uid_range) < 0)

src/shared/nsresource.c

@@ -87,6 +87,8 @@ int nsresource_allocate_userns(const char *name, uint64_t size) {
                         SD_JSON_BUILD_PAIR("userNamespaceFileDescriptor", SD_JSON_BUILD_UNSIGNED(userns_fd_idx)));
         if (r < 0)
                 return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to call AllocateUserRange() varlink call: %m");
+        if (streq_ptr(error_id, "io.systemd.NamespaceResource.UserNamespaceInterfaceNotSupported"))
+                return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP), "Unprivileged user namespace delegation is not supported on this system.");
         if (error_id)
                 return log_debug_errno(sd_varlink_error_to_errno(error_id, reply), "Failed to allocate user namespace with %" PRIu64 " users: %s", size, error_id);
 

src/shared/ptyfwd.c

@@ -840,6 +840,13 @@ static int on_exit_event(sd_event_source *e, void *userdata) {
                 if (drained(f))
                         return pty_forward_done(f, 0);
 
+                if (!f->master_hangup)
+                        f->master_writable = f->master_readable = true;
+                if (!f->stdin_hangup)
+                        f->stdin_readable = true;
+                if (!f->stdout_hangup)
+                        f->stdout_writable = true;
+
                 r = shovel(f);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;

src/sysext/sysext.c

@@ -2031,7 +2031,7 @@ static int image_discover_and_read_metadata(
         if (!images)
                 return log_oom();
 
-        r = image_discover(image_class, arg_root, images);
+        r = image_discover(RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM, image_class, arg_root, images);
         if (r < 0)
                 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to discover images: %m");
 
@@ -2278,7 +2278,7 @@ static int verb_list(int argc, char **argv, void *userdata) {
         if (!images)
                 return log_oom();
 
-        r = image_discover(arg_image_class, arg_root, images);
+        r = image_discover(RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM, arg_image_class, arg_root, images);
         if (r < 0)
                 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to discover images: %m");
 
@@ -2339,7 +2339,7 @@ static int vl_method_list(sd_varlink *link, sd_json_variant *parameters, sd_varl
         if (!images)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
-        r = image_discover(image_class, arg_root, images);
+        r = image_discover(RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM, image_class, arg_root, images);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 

src/systemd/sd-path.h

@@ -120,6 +120,16 @@ enum {
 
         SD_PATH_USER_STATE_PRIVATE,
 
+        /* credential store */
+        SD_PATH_SYSTEM_CREDENTIAL_STORE,
+        SD_PATH_SYSTEM_SEARCH_CREDENTIAL_STORE,
+        SD_PATH_SYSTEM_CREDENTIAL_STORE_ENCRYPTED,
+        SD_PATH_SYSTEM_SEARCH_CREDENTIAL_STORE_ENCRYPTED,
+        SD_PATH_USER_CREDENTIAL_STORE,
+        SD_PATH_USER_SEARCH_CREDENTIAL_STORE,
+        SD_PATH_USER_CREDENTIAL_STORE_ENCRYPTED,
+        SD_PATH_USER_SEARCH_CREDENTIAL_STORE_ENCRYPTED,
+
         _SD_PATH_MAX
 };
 

src/sysupdate/sysupdate-transfer.c

@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ int transfer_read_definition(Transfer *t, const char *path, const char **dirs, H
              !IN_SET(t->target.type, RESOURCE_DIRECTORY, RESOURCE_SUBVOLUME)))
                 return log_syntax(NULL, LOG_ERR, path, 1, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
                                   "Target type '%s' is incompatible with source type '%s', refusing.",
-                                  resource_type_to_string(t->source.type), resource_type_to_string(t->target.type));
+                                  resource_type_to_string(t->target.type), resource_type_to_string(t->source.type));
 
         if (!t->source.path && !t->source.path_auto)
                 return log_syntax(NULL, LOG_ERR, path, 1, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),

src/sysupdate/sysupdated.c

@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ typedef struct Manager {
         Hashmap *polkit_registry;
 
         sd_event_source *notify_event;
+
+        RuntimeScope runtime_scope; /* For now only RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM */
 } Manager;
 
 /* Forward declare so that jobs can call it on exit */
@@ -1730,10 +1732,14 @@ static int manager_new(Manager **ret) {
 
         assert(ret);
 
-        m = new0(Manager, 1);
+        m = new(Manager, 1);
         if (!m)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
+        *m = (Manager) {
+                .runtime_scope = RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM,
+        };
+
         r = sd_event_default(&m->event);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
@@ -1795,7 +1801,7 @@ static int manager_enumerate_image_class(Manager *m, TargetClass class) {
         if (!images)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
-        r = image_discover((ImageClass) class, NULL, images);
+        r = image_discover(m->runtime_scope, (ImageClass) class, NULL, images);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 

src/test/test-capability.c

@@ -305,6 +305,18 @@ static void test_capability_get_ambient(void) {
         }
 }
 
+static void test_pidref_get_capability(void) {
+        CapabilityQuintet q = CAPABILITY_QUINTET_NULL;
+
+        assert_se(pidref_get_capability(&PIDREF_MAKE_FROM_PID(getpid_cached()), &q) >= 0);
+
+        assert_se(q.effective != CAP_MASK_UNSET);
+        assert_se(q.inheritable != CAP_MASK_UNSET);
+        assert_se(q.permitted != CAP_MASK_UNSET);
+        assert_se(q.effective != CAP_MASK_UNSET);
+        assert_se(q.ambient != CAP_MASK_UNSET);
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         bool run_ambient;
 
@@ -336,5 +348,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
         test_capability_get_ambient();
 
+        test_pidref_get_capability();
+
         return 0;
 }

src/test/test-chid.c

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ const char16_t *const test_fields[_CHID_SMBIOS_FIELDS_MAX] = {
         [CHID_SMBIOS_FAMILY]                 = u"To be filled by O.E.M.",
         [CHID_SMBIOS_BASEBOARD_PRODUCT]      = u"MPG X670E CARBON WIFI (MS-7D70)",
         [CHID_SMBIOS_BASEBOARD_MANUFACTURER] = u"Micro-Star International Co., Ltd.",
+        [CHID_SMBIOS_ENCLOSURE_TYPE]         = u"3",
 };
 
 /* Actual output of `fwupdtool hwids`:
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ Extra Hardware IDs
 {7b3d90ce-ed79-5951-a48a-764ea9f11146}   <- Manufacturer + BiosVendor
 */
 
-static const EFI_GUID actual_chids[] = {
+static const EFI_GUID actual_chids[CHID_TYPES_MAX] = {
         {0x00000000, 0x0000, 0x0000, {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}},
         {0x00000000, 0x0000, 0x0000, {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}},
         {0x00000000, 0x0000, 0x0000, {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}},
@@ -64,9 +65,9 @@ static const EFI_GUID actual_chids[] = {
         {0xc12c1f4a, 0x332d, 0x5d72, {0xaa, 0x36, 0x7a, 0x3d, 0x41, 0x3b, 0x47, 0x9a}},
         {0x28ac9cf2, 0x5bde, 0x59f7, {0xae, 0xbe, 0x4b, 0x3d, 0x00, 0x80, 0x90, 0xfe}},
         {0xe821e0e2, 0xe11a, 0x5e94, {0xbf, 0x5d, 0xff, 0xe5, 0x3c, 0x5e, 0x50, 0x48}},
-        {0x00000000, 0x0000, 0x0000, {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}},
+        {0xbdd76d3e, 0x147f, 0x58a9, {0xa0, 0xb2, 0x42, 0x13, 0x64, 0x54, 0xed, 0x07}},
         {0xb2e58e8b, 0xfb10, 0x5cd0, {0x8f, 0xb0, 0x5b, 0xd9, 0x31, 0xf1, 0x87, 0x1a}},
-        {0x00000000, 0x0000, 0x0000, {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}},
+        {0x50af5797, 0xa2f2, 0x58b1, {0x9a, 0x1a, 0x45, 0x3b, 0xcb, 0xb2, 0xe0, 0x25}},
 };
 
 TEST(chid) {

src/test/test-execute.c

@@ -1398,6 +1398,10 @@ static void run_tests(RuntimeScope scope, char **patterns) {
         ASSERT_NOT_NULL(unit_paths = strjoin(PRIVATE_UNIT_DIR, ":", user_runtime_unit_dir));
         ASSERT_OK(setenv_unit_path(unit_paths));
 
+        /* Write credential for test-execute-load-credential to the fake runtime dir, too */
+        _cleanup_free_ char *j = ASSERT_PTR(path_join(runtime_dir, "credstore/test-execute.load-credential"));
+        ASSERT_OK(write_string_file(j, "foo", WRITE_STRING_FILE_CREATE|WRITE_STRING_FILE_MKDIR_0755));
+
         r = manager_new(scope, MANAGER_TEST_RUN_BASIC, &m);
         if (manager_errno_skip_test(r))
                 return (void) log_tests_skipped_errno(r, "manager_new");

src/test/test-fileio.c

@@ -363,24 +363,6 @@ TEST(status_field) {
         }
 }
 
-TEST(capeff) {
-        for (int pid = 0; pid < 2; pid++) {
-                _cleanup_free_ char *capeff = NULL;
-                int r, p;
-
-                r = get_process_capeff(0, &capeff);
-                log_info("capeff: '%s' (r=%d)", capeff, r);
-
-                if (IN_SET(r, -ENOENT, -EPERM))
-                        return;
-
-                assert_se(r == 0);
-                assert_se(*capeff);
-                p = capeff[strspn(capeff, HEXDIGITS)];
-                assert_se(!p || isspace(p));
-        }
-}
-
 TEST(read_one_line_file) {
         _cleanup_(unlink_tempfilep) char fn[] = "/tmp/test-fileio-1lf-XXXXXX";
         int fd;

src/udev/udev-builtin-net_id.c

@@ -650,7 +650,16 @@ static int get_pci_slot_specifiers(
                  * where the slot makes up the upper 5 bits. */
                 func += slot * 8;
 
-        if (domain > 0 && asprintf(&domain_spec, "P%u", domain) < 0)
+        /* Include the PCI domain in the name if the ID_NET_NAME_INCLUDE_DOMAIN property says so, if it is
+         * set. If it is not set, include it if the domain is non-zero. */
+        r = device_get_property_bool(dev, "ID_NET_NAME_INCLUDE_DOMAIN");
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (r != -ENOENT)
+                        log_device_warning_errno(dev, r, "Failed to read property \"ID_NET_NAME_INCLUDE_DOMAIN\", ignoring: %m");
+
+                r = domain > 0;
+        }
+        if (r > 0 && asprintf(&domain_spec, "P%u", domain) < 0)
                 return log_oom_debug();
 
         if (asprintf(&bus_and_slot_spec, "p%us%u", bus, slot) < 0)

src/udev/udev-builtin.c

@@ -42,11 +42,28 @@ void udev_builtin_exit(void) {
                         (*b)->exit();
 }
 
-bool udev_builtin_should_reload(void) {
+UdevReloadFlags udev_builtin_should_reload(void) {
+        UdevReloadFlags flags = 0;
+
         for (UdevBuiltinCommand i = 0; i < _UDEV_BUILTIN_MAX; i++)
                 if (builtins[i] && builtins[i]->should_reload && builtins[i]->should_reload())
-                        return true;
-        return false;
+                        flags |= 1u << i;
+
+        if (flags != 0)
+                flags |= UDEV_RELOAD_KILL_WORKERS;
+
+        return flags;
+}
+
+void udev_builtin_reload(UdevReloadFlags flags) {
+        for (UdevBuiltinCommand i = 0; i < _UDEV_BUILTIN_MAX; i++) {
+                if (!FLAGS_SET(flags, 1u << i) || !builtins[i])
+                        continue;
+                if (builtins[i]->exit)
+                        builtins[i]->exit();
+                if (builtins[i]->init)
+                        builtins[i]->init();
+        }
 }
 
 void udev_builtin_list(void) {

src/udev/udev-builtin.h

@@ -59,7 +59,8 @@ const char* udev_builtin_name(UdevBuiltinCommand cmd);
 bool udev_builtin_run_once(UdevBuiltinCommand cmd);
 int udev_builtin_run(UdevEvent *event, UdevBuiltinCommand cmd, const char *command);
 void udev_builtin_list(void);
-bool udev_builtin_should_reload(void);
+UdevReloadFlags udev_builtin_should_reload(void);
+void udev_builtin_reload(UdevReloadFlags flags);
 int udev_builtin_add_property(UdevEvent *event, const char *key, const char *val);
 int udev_builtin_add_propertyf(UdevEvent *event, const char *key, const char *valf, ...) _printf_(3, 4);
 int udev_builtin_import_property(UdevEvent *event, const char *key);

src/udev/udev-config.c

@@ -339,3 +339,27 @@ int manager_load(Manager *manager, int argc, char *argv[]) {
         manager_adjust_config(&manager->config);
         return 1;
 }
+
+UdevReloadFlags manager_reload_config(Manager *manager) {
+        assert(manager);
+
+        UdevConfig old = manager->config;
+
+        manager->config_by_udev_conf = UDEV_CONFIG_INIT;
+        manager_parse_udev_config(&manager->config_by_udev_conf);
+        manager_merge_config(manager);
+        log_set_max_level(manager->config.log_level);
+        manager_adjust_config(&manager->config);
+
+        if (manager->config.resolve_name_timing != old.resolve_name_timing)
+                return UDEV_RELOAD_RULES | UDEV_RELOAD_KILL_WORKERS;
+
+        if (manager->config.log_level != old.log_level ||
+            manager->config.exec_delay_usec != old.exec_delay_usec ||
+            manager->config.timeout_usec != old.timeout_usec ||
+            manager->config.timeout_signal != old.timeout_signal ||
+            manager->config.blockdev_read_only != old.blockdev_read_only)
+                return UDEV_RELOAD_KILL_WORKERS;
+
+        return 0;
+}

src/udev/udev-config.h

@@ -27,4 +27,5 @@ typedef struct UdevConfig {
         }
 
 int manager_load(Manager *manager, int argc, char *argv[]);
+UdevReloadFlags manager_reload_config(Manager *manager);
 void udev_config_set_default_children_max(UdevConfig *c);

src/udev/udev-def.h

@@ -55,3 +55,26 @@ typedef enum UdevBuiltinCommand {
         _UDEV_BUILTIN_MAX,
         _UDEV_BUILTIN_INVALID = -EINVAL,
 } UdevBuiltinCommand;
+
+typedef enum UdevReloadFlags {
+#if HAVE_BLKID
+        UDEV_RELOAD_BUILTIN_BLKID    = 1u << UDEV_BUILTIN_BLKID,
+#endif
+        UDEV_RELOAD_BUILTIN_BTRFS    = 1u << UDEV_BUILTIN_BTRFS,
+        UDEV_RELOAD_BUILTIN_HWDB     = 1u << UDEV_BUILTIN_HWDB,
+        UDEV_RELOAD_BUILTIN_INPUT_ID = 1u << UDEV_BUILTIN_INPUT_ID,
+        UDEV_RELOAD_BUILTIN_KEYBOARD = 1u << UDEV_BUILTIN_KEYBOARD,
+#if HAVE_KMOD
+        UDEV_RELOAD_BUILTIN_KMOD     = 1u << UDEV_BUILTIN_KMOD,
+#endif
+        UDEV_RELOAD_BUILTIN_DRIVER   = 1u << UDEV_BUILTIN_NET_DRIVER,
+        UDEV_RELOAD_BUILTIN_NET_ID   = 1u << UDEV_BUILTIN_NET_ID,
+        UDEV_RELOAD_BUILTIN_NET_LINK = 1u << UDEV_BUILTIN_NET_LINK,
+        UDEV_RELOAD_BUILTIN_PATH_ID  = 1u << UDEV_BUILTIN_PATH_ID,
+        UDEV_RELOAD_BUILTIN_USB_ID   = 1u << UDEV_BUILTIN_USB_ID,
+#if HAVE_ACL
+        UDEV_RELOAD_BUILTIN_UACCESS  = 1u << UDEV_BUILTIN_UACCESS,
+#endif
+        UDEV_RELOAD_KILL_WORKERS     = 1u << (_UDEV_BUILTIN_MAX + 0),
+        UDEV_RELOAD_RULES            = 1u << (_UDEV_BUILTIN_MAX + 1),
+} UdevReloadFlags;

src/udev/udev-manager.c

@@ -262,22 +262,25 @@ static void manager_reload(Manager *manager, bool force) {
         /* Reload SELinux label database, to make the child inherit the up-to-date database. */
         mac_selinux_maybe_reload();
 
-        /* Nothing changed. It is not necessary to reload. */
-        if (!udev_rules_should_reload(manager->rules) && !udev_builtin_should_reload()) {
+        UdevReloadFlags flags = udev_builtin_should_reload();
+        if (udev_rules_should_reload(manager->rules))
+                flags |= UDEV_RELOAD_RULES | UDEV_RELOAD_KILL_WORKERS;
+        if (flags == 0 && !force)
+                /* Neither .rules files nor config files for builtins e.g. .link files changed. It is not
+                 * necessary to reload configs. Note, udev.conf is not checked in the above, hence reloaded
+                 * when explicitly requested or at least one .rules file or friend is updated. */
+                return;
 
-                if (!force)
-                        return;
+        (void) notify_reloading();
 
-                /* If we eat this up, then tell our service manager to just continue */
-                (void) notify_reloading_full("Skipping configuration reloading, nothing changed.");
-        } else {
-                (void) notify_reloading();
+        flags |= manager_reload_config(manager);
 
+        if (FLAGS_SET(flags, UDEV_RELOAD_KILL_WORKERS))
                 manager_kill_workers(manager, false);
 
-                udev_builtin_exit();
-                udev_builtin_init();
+        udev_builtin_reload(flags);
 
+        if (FLAGS_SET(flags, UDEV_RELOAD_RULES)) {
                 r = udev_rules_load(&rules, manager->config.resolve_name_timing);
                 if (r < 0)
                         log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to read udev rules, using the previously loaded rules, ignoring: %m");

src/vmspawn/vmspawn.c

@@ -2236,7 +2236,8 @@ static int determine_names(void) {
                 if (arg_machine) {
                         _cleanup_(image_unrefp) Image *i = NULL;
 
-                        r = image_find(IMAGE_MACHINE, arg_machine, NULL, &i);
+                        r = image_find(arg_privileged ? RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM : RUNTIME_SCOPE_USER,
+                                       IMAGE_MACHINE, arg_machine, NULL, &i);
                         if (r == -ENOENT)
                                 return log_error_errno(r, "No image for machine '%s'.", arg_machine);
                         if (r < 0)

test/README.md

@@ -459,3 +459,72 @@ test unit (be it a static one or a transient one created via systemd-run), with
 main mount namespace - in that case use `IGNORE_MISSING_COVERAGE=yes` in the
 test definition (i.e. `TEST-*-NAME/test.sh`), which will skip the post-test
 check for missing coverage for the respective test.
+
+## Fuzzers
+
+systemd includes fuzzers in `src/fuzz/` that use libFuzzer and are automatically
+run by [OSS-Fuzz](https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz) with sanitizers. To add a
+fuzz target, create a new `src/fuzz/fuzz-foo.c` file with a
+`LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput` function and add it to the list in
+`src/fuzz/meson.build`.
+
+Whenever possible, a seed corpus and a dictionary should also be added with new
+fuzz targets. The dictionary should be named `src/fuzz/fuzz-foo.dict` and the
+seed corpus should be built and exported as `$OUT/fuzz-foo_seed_corpus.zip` in
+`tools/oss-fuzz.sh`.
+
+The fuzzers can be built locally if you have libFuzzer installed by running
+`tools/oss-fuzz.sh`, or by running:
+
+```sh
+CC=clang CXX=clang++ \
+meson setup build-libfuzz -Dllvm-fuzz=true -Db_sanitize=address,undefined -Db_lundef=false \
+-Dc_args='-fno-omit-frame-pointer -DFUZZING_BUILD_MODE_UNSAFE_FOR_PRODUCTION'
+ninja -C build-libfuzz fuzzers
+```
+
+Each fuzzer then can be then run manually together with a directory containing
+the initial corpus:
+
+```
+export UBSAN_OPTIONS=print_stacktrace=1:print_summary=1:halt_on_error=1
+build-libfuzz/fuzz-varlink-idl test/fuzz/fuzz-varlink-idl/
+```
+
+Note: the `halt_on_error=1` UBSan option is especially important, otherwise the
+fuzzer won't crash when undefined behavior is triggered.
+
+You should also confirm that the fuzzers can be built and run using
+[the OSS-Fuzz toolchain](https://google.github.io/oss-fuzz/advanced-topics/reproducing/#building-using-docker):
+
+```sh
+path_to_systemd=...
+
+git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz
+cd oss-fuzz
+
+for sanitizer in address undefined memory; do
+for engine in libfuzzer afl honggfuzz; do
+./infra/helper.py build_fuzzers --sanitizer "$sanitizer" --engine "$engine" \
+--clean systemd "$path_to_systemd"
+
+./infra/helper.py check_build --sanitizer "$sanitizer" --engine "$engine" \
+-e ALLOWED_BROKEN_TARGETS_PERCENTAGE=0 systemd
+done
+done
+
+./infra/helper.py build_fuzzers --clean --architecture i386 systemd "$path_to_systemd"
+./infra/helper.py check_build --architecture i386 -e ALLOWED_BROKEN_TARGETS_PERCENTAGE=0 systemd
+
+./infra/helper.py build_fuzzers --clean --sanitizer coverage systemd "$path_to_systemd"
+./infra/helper.py coverage --no-corpus-download systemd
+```
+
+If you find a bug that impacts the security of systemd, please follow the
+guidance in [CONTRIBUTING.md](/CONTRIBUTING) on how to report a security
+vulnerability.
+
+For more details on building fuzzers and integrating with OSS-Fuzz, visit:
+
+- [Setting up a new project - OSS-Fuzz](https://google.github.io/oss-fuzz/getting-started/new-project-guide/)
+- [Tutorials - OSS-Fuzz](https://google.github.io/oss-fuzz/reference/useful-links/#tutorials)

test/TEST-71-HOSTNAME/meson.build

@@ -3,5 +3,11 @@
 integration_tests += [
         integration_test_template + {
                 'name' : fs.name(meson.current_source_dir()),
+                'configuration' : integration_test_template['configuration'] + {
+                        # Do not request user session, as it may trigger to start
+                        # hostnamed in an unexpected timing, and the test may fail.
+                        'wants' : 'multi-user.target',
+                        'after' : 'multi-user.target',
+                },
         },
 ]

test/units/TEST-13-NSPAWN.machined.sh

@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ create_dummy_container /var/lib/machines/long-running
 cat >/var/lib/machines/long-running/sbin/init <<\EOF
 #!/usr/bin/bash
 
+set -x
+
 PID=0
 
 trap 'touch /terminate; kill 0' RTMIN+3
@@ -310,6 +312,10 @@ varlinkctl call /run/systemd/machine/io.systemd.Machine io.systemd.Machine.Unreg
 # test io.systemd.Machine.List with addresses, OSRelease, and UIDShift fields
 create_dummy_container "/var/lib/machines/container-without-os-release"
 cat >>/var/lib/machines/container-without-os-release/sbin/init <<\EOF
+#!/usr/bin/bash
+
+set -x
+
 ip link add hoge type dummy
 ip link set hoge up
 ip address add 192.0.2.1/24 dev hoge

test/units/TEST-13-NSPAWN.nspawn.sh

@@ -1129,7 +1129,7 @@ testcase_unpriv() {
 
     local tmpdir name
     tmpdir="$(mktemp -d /var/tmp/TEST-13-NSPAWN.unpriv.XXX)"
-    name="unpriv-${tmpdir##*.}"
+    name="unprv-${tmpdir##*.}"
     trap 'rm -fr ${tmpdir@Q} || true; rm -f /run/verity.d/test-13-nspawn-${name@Q} || true' RETURN ERR
     create_dummy_ddi "$tmpdir" "$name"
     chown --recursive testuser: "$tmpdir"
@@ -1141,6 +1141,17 @@ testcase_unpriv() {
         -- \
         systemd-nspawn --pipe --private-network --register=no --keep-unit --image="$tmpdir/$name.raw" echo hello >"$tmpdir/stdout.txt"
     echo hello | cmp "$tmpdir/stdout.txt" -
+
+    # Make sure per-user search path logic works
+    systemd-run --pipe --uid=testuser mkdir -p /home/testuser/.local/state/machines
+    systemd-run --pipe --uid=testuser ln -s "$tmpdir/$name.raw" /home/testuser/.local/state/machines/"x$name.raw"
+    systemd-run \
+        --pipe \
+        --uid=testuser \
+        --property=Delegate=yes \
+        -- \
+        systemd-nspawn --pipe --private-network --register=no --keep-unit --machine="x$name" echo hello >"$tmpdir/stdout.txt"
+    echo hello | cmp "$tmpdir/stdout.txt" -
 }
 
 testcase_fuse() {