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openbsd-src/distrib/notes/m4.common
jsg 2f996bf0d6 consistently use IPv4/IPv6
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dnl
dnl $OpenBSD: m4.common,v 1.135 2022/10/10 10:42:42 jsg Exp $
dnl
dnl Copyright (c) 2004 Todd T. Fries <todd@OpenBSD.org>
dnl
dnl Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
dnl purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
dnl copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
dnl
dnl THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
dnl WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
dnl MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
dnl ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
dnl WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
dnl ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
dnl OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
dnl
dnl simulate an include path with a macro 'includeit'.
define(`includeit',`sinclude('INCLUDE/`$1)sinclude('INCLUDE/../`$1)')dnl
dnl
dnl
dnl TopPart
dnl Describes the beginning of the distribution files listing.
dnl
define(`TopPart',
`The MACHINE-specific portion of the OpenBSD OSREV release is found in the
"MACHINE" subdirectory of the distribution. That subdirectory is laid
out as follows:
.../OSREV/MACHINE/
INSTALL.MACHINE Installation notes; this file.
SHA256 Output of the cksum(1) program using the option
-a sha256, usable for verification of the
correctness of downloaded files.
SHA256.sig The above file, signed with the OpenBSD signing key
for the OSREV release, usable for verification of the
integrity of the above file, and thus of the
downloaded files.')dnl
dnl
dnl Change the quote. There were too many `word' situations that would
dnl have to have been changed to ``word''. The quote gets changed to
dnl {:- and -:}. It can really be anything, but it needs to be unique.
dnl
changequote(`{:-',`-:}')dnl
dnl
dnl Conventions when editing:
dnl o base`'OSrev is required because if it appears as baseOSrev the
dnl defined value OSrev does not get substituted. Same goes for MACHINE,
dnl MACHINE_ARCH and OSREV, assigned as cmd line parameters to m4 in the
dnl Makefile.
dnl o `include', `define' and `shift' is required as these three words
dnl are m4 reserved words that evaluate to an empty string if not quoted.
dnl
dnl
dnl ========== Distribution files description
dnl (usually used by arch/contents)
dnl
dnl printsize(value)
dnl
dnl Prints a size in KB if it is less than 10^6, in MB otherwise.
dnl The size is rounded down (this means you can still get 0.9 MB for
dnl a size between 1,000,000 and 1,048,576 bytes).
dnl Used by showsize() below.
dnl
define({:-printsize-:},{:-ifelse(substr($1,6),,dnl
eval($1/1024).eval($1*10/1024%10) KB,dnl
eval($1/1024/1024).eval($1/1024*10/1024%10) MB)-:})dnl
dnl
dnl showsize(gzipped size, uncompressed size)
dnl
dnl If both the 1st and the 2nd argument exist, show the sizes.
dnl Otherwise, evaluate to NULL.
dnl showsize() must not be on a new line. It creates its own new line if
dnl there are sizes to display, otherwise, evaluates to NULL
dnl
dnl XXX fix to allow - empty 1st arg, for files uncompressed
dnl - empty 2nd arg, for files where only compressed size
dnl is known
dnl
define({:-showsize-:},{:-ifelse(X$1,X,,X$2,X,,X,X,{:-
[ printsize($1) gzipped, printsize($2) uncompressed ]-:})-:})dnl
dnl
dnl
dnl
dnl DistributionDescription( number of sets )
dnl Header paragraph before the individual sets descriptions.
dnl
define({:-DistributionDescription-:},
{:-The OpenBSD/MACHINE binary distribution sets contain the binaries which
comprise the OpenBSD OSREV release for MACHINE systems. There are $1
binary distribution sets. The binary distribution sets can be found in
the "MACHINE" subdirectory of the OpenBSD OSREV distribution tree,
and are as follows:-:})dnl
dnl
dnl
dnl OpenBSDbase( compressed size, uncompressed size )
dnl Describes baseXX.tgz.
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDbase-:},
{:- base{:--:}OSrev The OpenBSD/MACHINE OSREV base binary distribution. You MUST
install this distribution set. It contains the base OpenBSD
utilities that are necessary for the system to run and be
minimally functional. This includes parts of the toolchain
required to relink a kernel.
ifelse(MDSO,,{:-It excludes everything described below.-:},{:-It includes shared library support, and excludes everything
described below.-:})showsize($1,$2)-:})dnl
dnl
dnl
dnl OpenBSDcomp( compressed size, uncompressed size )
dnl Describes compXX.tgz.
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDcomp-:},
{:- comp{:--:}OSrev The OpenBSD/MACHINE Compiler tools. All of the tools relating
to C and C++ are supported. This set includes the system
{:-include-:} files (/usr/{:-include-:}), the compiler
toolchain, and the various system libraries{:--:}ifelse(MDSO,,.,{:- (except the
shared libraries, which are included as part of the base set).-:})
This set also includes the manual pages for all of the
utilities it contains, as well as the system call and library
manual pages.showsize($1,$2)-:})dnl
dnl
dnl
dnl OpenBSDgame( compressed size, uncompressed size )
dnl Describes gameXX.tgz.
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDgame-:},
{:- game{:--:}OSrev This set includes the games and their manual pages.showsize($1,$2)-:})dnl
dnl
dnl
dnl OpenBSDman( compressed size, uncompressed size )
dnl Describes manXX.tgz.
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDman-:},
{:- man{:--:}OSrev This set includes all of the manual pages for the binaries
and other software contained in the base set.
Note that it does not {:-include-:} any of the manual pages
that are included in the other sets.showsize($1,$2)-:})dnl
dnl
dnl
dnl OpenBSDxbase( compressed size, uncompressed size )
dnl Describes xbaseXX.tgz.
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDxbase-:},
{:- xbase{:--:}OSrev This set includes the base X distribution. This includes
programs, headers and libraries.showsize($1,$2)-:})dnl
dnl
dnl
dnl OpenBSDxshare( compressed size, uncompressed size )
dnl Describes xshareXX.tgz.
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDxshare-:},
{:- xshare{:--:}OSrev This set includes all text files equivalent between all
architectures.showsize($1,$2)-:})dnl
dnl
dnl
dnl OpenBSDxfont( compressed size, uncompressed size )
dnl Describes xfontXX.tgz.
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDxfont-:},
{:- xfont{:--:}OSrev This set includes all of the X fonts.showsize($1,$2)-:})dnl
dnl
dnl
dnl OpenBSDxserv(compressed size,uncompressed size,optional extra notes)
dnl Describes xservXX.tgz.
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDxserv-:},
{:- xserv{:--:}OSrev This set includes all of the X servers.$3{:--:}showsize($1,$2)-:})dnl
dnl
dnl
dnl Floppy and bootable cdrom stuff
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDfloppy-:},
{:- floppy{:--:}OSrev.img The standard MACHINE boot and installation floppy;
see below.-:})dnl
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDinstalliso-:},
{:- install{:--:}OSrev.iso The MACHINE boot and installation CD-ROM image,
which contains the base and X sets, so that install
or upgrade can be done without network connectivity.-:})dnl
define({:-OpenBSDcd-:},
{:- cd{:--:}OSrev.iso A simple bootable filesystem image consisting of the
bsd.rd installation kernel, suitable to be used
as a bootable CD-ROM image, but will require the base
and X sets be found via another media or network.-:})dnl
dnl
dnl OpenBSDfloppydesc(number of floppies, Article, plural)
dnl
dnl Describe what the boot floppy/ies contain and how they may be used.
dnl Use as: OpenBSDfloppydesc(single,The) or OpenBSDfloppydesc(three,Each,s)
define({:-OpenBSDfloppydesc-:},
{:-Bootable installation/upgrade floppy image$3:
The $1 floppy image$3 can be copied to a floppy using rawrite.exe,
ntrw.exe, or "dd", as described later in this document.
$2 floppy image is a bootable install floppy which can be used
both to install and to upgrade OpenBSD to the current version.
It is also useful for maintenance and disaster recovery.-:})dnl
dnl
dnl
dnl A few extra straightforward macros describing more components.
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDdistsets-:},
{:- *.tgz MACHINE binary distribution sets; see below.-:})dnl
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDbsd-:},
{:- bsd A stock GENERIC MACHINE kernel which will be
installed on your system during the install.-:})dnl
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDbsdmp-:},
{:- bsd.mp A stock GENERIC.MP MACHINE kernel, with support for
multiprocessor machines, which can be used instead
of the GENERIC kernel after the install.-:})dnl
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDrd-:},
{:- bsd.rd A compressed RAMDISK kernel; the embedded
filesystem contains the installation tools.
Used for simple installation from a pre-existing
system.-:})dnl
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDminiroot-:},
{:- miniroot{:--:}OSrev.img A miniroot filesystem image to be used if you
for some reason can't or don't want to use the
ramdisk installation method.-:})dnl
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDinstallfs-:},
{:- install{:--:}OSrev.img A boot and installation image which contains
the base and X sets. An install or upgrade can be
done with a USB key without network connectivity.-:})dnl
dnl
dnl
dnl ========== Various Install Instructions
dnl (usually used by arch/install)
dnl
dnl OpenBSDInstallPrelude(troublesome disk types)
dnl
dnl Installation introduction. Warns about disk geometry hell if argument
dnl is not empty.
define({:-OpenBSDInstallPrelude-:},
{:-Installing OpenBSD is a relatively simple process. If you take your time
and are careful to read the information presented by the installer, you
shouldn't have any trouble.ifelse(X$1,X,,{:-
If the disks connected to your machine are $1,
it is recommended that you know their geometry, i.e. the sector size (note
that sector sizes other than 512 bytes are not currently supported), the
number of sectors per track, the number of tracks per cylinder (also known
as the number of heads), and the number of cylinders on the disk. The
OpenBSD kernel will try to discover these parameters on its own, and if it
can it will print them at boot time. If possible, you should use the
parameters it prints. (You might not be able to because you're sharing your
disk with another operating system, or because your disk is old enough that
the kernel can't figure out its geometry.)-:})-:})dnl
dnl
dnl OpenBSDInstallPart2
dnl Describes the beginning of the installation process, once the
dnl installation media is ready.
define({:-OpenBSDInstallPart2-:},
{:-You should now be ready to install OpenBSD.
The following is a walk-through of the steps you will take while getting
OpenBSD installed on your hard disk.
The installation procedure is designed to gather as much information about
your system setup as possible at the beginning, so that no human interaction
is required as soon as the questions are over.
The order of these questions might be quite disconcerting if you are used to
other installation procedures, including older OpenBSD versions.
If any question has a default answer, it will be displayed in brackets ("[]")
after the question. If you wish to stop the installation, you may hit
Control-C at any time, but if you do, you'll have to begin the installation
process again from scratch. Using Control-Z to suspend the process may be a
better option, or at any prompt enter "!" to get a shell, from which "exit"
will return you back to that prompt.
-:})dnl
dnl
dnl OpenBSDInstallPart3(warn geometry, disk type, disk type, disk type)
dnl
dnl Describes the boot of the ramdisk.
dnl Describes the serial terminal setup.
define({:-OpenBSDInstallPart3-:},
{:- Once the kernel has loaded, you will be presented with the
OpenBSD kernel boot messages which contain information about
the hardware that was detected and supported by OpenBSD.
dnl dot.profile
After the kernel is done initializing, you will be asked whether
you wish to do an "(I)nstall", "(U)pgrade" or an "(A)utoinstall".
Enter "I" for a fresh install or "U" to upgrade an existing
installation. Enter "A" to start an unattended installation
where all of your answers are supplied in a response file (more
on that in "Preparing an unattended installation of OpenBSD").
dnl install.sub set_term
ifelse(MDX,,
{:- You will next be asked for your terminal type.-:},
{:- If you are connected with a serial console, you will next be
asked for your terminal type.-:})dnl
You should choose the terminal type from amongst those listed.
(If your terminal type is xterm, just use vt220).dnl
ifelse(MDKBD,,,{:-
If you are connected using a glass console, you will next be
asked for your keyboard layout (the default being the US QWERTY
layout). Depending on your keyboard type, not all international
layouts may be supported; answering "?" (which, on QWERTY layouts,
is the key to the left of the right "sh{:--:}ift" key, shifted) will
display a list of supported layouts.
(If you do not need to change the keyboard layout, just press
enter.)-:})dnl
-:})dnl
dnl
dnl OpenBSDInstallPart4
dnl
dnl Describes the beginning of the bsd.rd operation.
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDInstallPart4-:},dnl
dnl install.sub (install) hostname
{:- The first question you will be asked is the system hostname.
Reply with the name of the system, without any domain part.
dnl install.sub (install) donetconfig
You will now be given an opportunity to configure the network.
The network configuration you enter (if any) can then be used to
do the install from another system using HTTP, and will also be
the configuration used by the system after the installation is
complete.
dnl XXX add a MDVLAN feature and document vlan setup
The install program will give you a list of network interfaces you
can configure. For each network interface you select to configure,
you will be asked for:
- the symbolic host name to use (except for the first
interface setup, which will reuse the host name entered at the
beginning of the installation).
- the IPv4 settings: address and netmask. If the IP address
should be obtained from a DHCP server, simply enter "dhcp"
when asked for the address.
- the IPv6 settings (address, prefix length, and default router).
You may enter "autoconf" when asked for the address for the
interface to configure automatically via router solicitation
messages.
After all interfaces have been configured, if there have been
any IPv4 interfaces set up, you will be asked for the IPv4 default
route. This step is skipped if you only have one IPv4 interface
setup, and it is configured with DHCP.
The install program will also ask you for your DNS domain name,
and the domain name servers, unless this information has
already been obtained from a DHCP server during interface setup.
dnl install.sub (install) askpassword root
You will then be asked to enter the initial root password
of the system, twice.
Although the install program will only check that the two
passwords match, you should make sure to use a strong password.
As a minimum, the password should be at least eight characters
long and a mixture of both lower and uppercase letters, numbers
and punctuation characters.
dnl install.sub (install) questions(): sshd/ntpd
You will then be asked whether you want to start sshd(8) by
default.
dnl
dnl install.sub (install) questions(): MDXAPERTURE
ifelse(MDXAPERTURE,,,{:-
You will next be asked whether you intend to run the X Window
System on your machine. The install program needs to know
this, to change a configuration setting controlling whether
the X server will be able to access the xf86(4) driver; it
is not necessary to answer "y" to this question if you only
intend to run X client programs on a remote display.
-:})dnl
dnl install.sub (install) questions(): MDXDM
ifelse(MDXDM,,,
{:-ifelse(MDXAPERTURE,,{:-
Since the X Window System can run on OpenBSD/MACHINE
without the need for a configuration file, you will get asked-:},
{:- If you answered "y" to this question, you will get asked-:})
whether you want to start xenodm(1) on boot.
-:})dnl
dnl install.sub (install) questions(): serial console setup
ifelse(MDSERCONS,,,{:-
If you are installing using a serial console, and since by default,
the OpenBSD/MACHINE installation will only start terminals on
the primary display device, the installation program will ask you
whether you want to also enable an additional terminal on that
line, and will allow you to select the line speed.
-:})dnl
dnl install.sub (install) user_setup()
You will now be given the possibility to set up a user account
on the forthcoming system. This user will be added to the
"wheel" group.
Enter the desired login name, or "n" if you do not want to
add a user account at this point. Valid login names are
sequences of digits and lowercase letters, and must start
with a lowercase letter. If the login name matches this
criteria, and doesn't conflict with any of the administrative
user accounts (such as "root", "daemon" or "ftp"), you
will be prompted for the user's descriptive name, as well
as its password, twice.
As for the root password earlier, the install program will only
check that the two passwords match, but you should make sure to
use a strong password here as well.
If you have chosen to set up a user account, and you had chosen
to start sshd(8) on boot, you will be asked if you want to allow
sshd(8) logins as root.
dnl install.sub (install) set_timezone
ifelse(MDTZ,,,
{:-
Depending on the installation media you are using, you may now
be given the opportunity to configure the time zone your system
will use. If the installation program skips this question, do
not be alarmed: the time zone will be configured at the end of
the installation.
-:})dnl
dnl install.sh ask whether to use DUIDs before the md_prep_disklabel loop
The installation program will now tell you which disks it can
install on, and ask you which it should use.
Reply with the name of your root disk.-:})dnl
dnl install.sh md_prep_disklabel loop
dnl
dnl OpenBSDInstallMBRPart1
dnl Describes MBR partitioning. So much to save four lines of text
dnl duplicated 5 times.
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDInstallMBRPart1-:},
{:- Disks on OpenBSD/MACHINE are partitioned using either "MBR"
or "GPT" partitioning schemes. You will need to create one
disk partition in which the OpenBSD filesystems will be created.
-:})dnl
dnl
dnl OpenBSDInstallMBRPart2(needs OpenBSD partition active)
dnl Describes fdisk invocation
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDInstallMBRPart2-:},
dnl install.md md_prep_fdisk
{:- The installation program will ask you if you want to use the
whole disk for OpenBSD. If you don't need to or don't intend
to share the disk with other operating systems, answer "w"
here to use "MBR" partitioning or "g" to use "GPT"
partitioning. The installation program will then create a single
partition spanning the whole disk, dedicated to OpenBSD.
Otherwise, fdisk(8) will be invoked to let you to edit your
partitioning. The current partitions defined will be
displayed and you will be allowed to modify them, add new
partitions, and change which partition to boot from by default.
ifelse(X$1,X,,
{:- Note that you should make the OpenBSD partition the active
partition at least until the install has been completed.
-:})dnl
After your OpenBSD partition has been created, dividing the
space into filesystems can follow.
-:})dnl
dnl
dnl OpenBSDInstallPart5(mention about other OS partitions,mention about root
dnl partition limitations)
dnl Describes the disklabel operation
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDInstallPart5-:},
{:- The file system layout is stored in the OpenBSD disk label. Each
file system is stored in its own "disk label partition", which
is a subdivision of the OpenBSD disk partition you created. In
the text below, "partition" refers to these subdivisions.
You will be shown a default layout with the recommended file
systems. This default layout is based on the disk size.
You will be given the choice of accepting the proposed layout,
editing it, or creating your own custom layout. These
last two choices will invoke the disklabel(8) interactive editor,
allowing you to create your desired layout.
Within the editor, you will see at least a "c" partition of
fstype "unused". This represents the whole disk and cannot be
modified.$1
You must create partition "a" as a native OpenBSD partition, i.e.
one with "4.2BSD" as the fstype, to hold the root file system.$2
In addition to partition "a" you should create partition "b" with
fstype "swap", and native OpenBSD partitions to hold separate file
systems such as /usr, /tmp, /var, and /home.
You will need to provide a mount point for all partitions you
{:-define-:}. Partitions without mount points, or not of the
4.2BSD fstype, will neither be formatted nor mounted during the
installation.
For quick help while in the interactive editor, enter "?".
The "z" command (which deletes all partitions and starts with a
clean label), the "A" command (which performs the automatic
partition layout) and the "n" command (to change mount points)
are of particular interest.
Although the partitions' position and size are written in exact
sector values, you do not need a calculator to create your
partitions! Human-friendly units can be specified by adding "k",
"m" or "g" after any numbers to have them converted to kilobytes,
megabytes or gigabytes. Or you may specify a percentage of the
disk size using "%" as the suffix.
Enter "M" to view the entire manual page (see the info on the
"-E" flag). To exit the editor enter "q".-:})dnl
dnl
dnl OpenBSDInstallPart6(other installation sources)
define({:-OpenBSDInstallPart6-:},
{:- After the layout has been saved, new filesystems will be
created on all partitions with mount points.
This will DESTROY ALL EXISTING DATA on those partitions.
After configuring your root disk, the installer will
return to the list of available disks to configure.
You can choose the other disks to use with OpenBSD in
any order, and will get to set up their layout similarly
to the root disk above. However, for non-root disks,
you will not be proposed a default partition layout.
When all your disks are configured, simply hit return
at the disk prompt.
After these preparatory steps have been completed, you will be
able to extract the distribution sets onto your system. There
are several install methods supported:
HTTP, $1or a local disk partition.-:})dnl
dnl
dnl Notes for various installation methods.
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDURLInstall-:},
{:- To install via HTTP:
To begin an HTTP install you will need the following
pieces of information:
1) Proxy server URL if you are using a URL-based HTTP
proxy (squid, CERN FTP, Apache 1.2 or higher).
You need to {:-define-:} a proxy if you are behind a
firewall that blocks outgoing HTTP connections
(assuming you have a proxy available to use).
2) The IP address (or hostname if you configured
DNS servers earlier in the install) of an HTTP
server carrying the OpenBSD OSREV distribution.
The installation program will try to fetch a list
of such servers; depending on your network settings,
this might fail. If the list could be fetched, it
will be displayed, and you can choose an entry from
the list (the first entries are expected to be the
closest mirrors to your location).
3) The directory holding the distribution sets.
Then refer to the section named "installation set selection"
below.-:})dnl
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDCDROMInstall-:},
{:- To install from CD-ROM:
When installing from a CD-ROM, you will be asked which
device holds the distribution sets. This will typically
be "cd0". If there is more than one partition on the
CD-ROM, you will be asked which partition the distribution
is to be loaded from. This is normally partition "a".
You will also have to provide the relative path to the
directory on the CD-ROM which holds the distribution, for
the MACHINE this is "OSREV/MACHINE".
Then refer to the section named "installation set selection"
below.-:})dnl
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDNFSInstall-:},
{:- To install from an NFS mounted directory:
When installing from an NFS-mounted directory, you must
have completed network configuration above, and also
set up the exported file system on the NFS server in
advance.
First you must identify the IP address of the NFS server
to load the distribution from, and the file system the
server expects you to mount.
The install program will also ask whether or not TCP
should be used for transport (the default is UDP). Note
that TCP only works with newer NFS servers.
You will also have to provide the relative path to the
directory on the file system where the distribution sets
are located. Note that this path should not be prefixed
with a "/".
Then refer to the section named "installation set selection"
below.-:})dnl
dnl
dnl OpenBSDDISKInstall({:-<additional disk> or-:}, <-- $1
dnl {:-only -:}, <-- $2
dnl {:- or <other fs name>-:}) <-- $3
dnl
dnl Note the spacing used above. It is crucial to keep words from running
dnl together in the actual document.
dnl
dnl Arg 1 is optional.
dnl Choices for args 2 & 3:
dnl - OpenBSDDISKInstall(,{:-only -:})
dnl (only have 1 fs possible, ffs)
dnl - OpenBSDDISKInstall(,,{:-or <insert some other filesystem name>-:})
dnl (have another fs possible for reading during disk install)
dnl
dnl see $1, $2, and $3 below for further usage information.
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDDISKInstall-:},
{:- To install from a local disk partition:
When installing from a local disk partition, you will
first have to identify which disk holds the distribution
sets.
This is normally $1"sdN", where N is a number.
Next you will have to identify the partition within that disk
that holds the distribution; this is a single letter between
"a" and "p".
You will also have to identify the type of file system
residing in the partition identified. Currently, you can
$2{:--:}install from partitions that have been formatted as the
Berkeley fast file system (ffs)$3.
You will also have to provide the relative path to the
directory on the file system where the distribution sets
are located. Note that this path should not be prefixed
with a "/".
dnl Then refer to the section named "installation set selection"
dnl below.
Then refer to the next section.-:})dnl
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDCommonInstall-:},
{:- Installation set selection:
A list of available distribution sets found on the
given location will be listed.
You may individually select distribution sets to install
by entering their names or wildcards (e.g. "*.tgz" or
"base*|comp*"), or you may enter "all" to select all the
sets (which is what most users will want to do).
You may also enter "abort" to deselect everything and
restart the selection from scratch, or unselect sets
by entering their name prefixed with "-" (e.g. "-x*").
It is also possible to enter an arbitrary filename and
have it treated as a file set.
When you are done selecting distribution sets, enter
"done". The files will begin to extract.-:})dnl
dnl
dnl Description of the end of the installation procedure.
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDInstallWrapup-:},
{:- After the files have been extracted, you will be given the choice
to select a new location from which to install distribution sets.
If there have been errors extracting the sets from the previous
location, or if some sets have been missing, this allows you to
select a better source.
Also, if the installation program complains that the distribution
sets you have been using do not match their recorded checksums, you
might want to check your installation source (although this can
happen between releases, if a snapshot is being updated on a mirror
server with newer files while you are installing).
ifelse(MDTZ,,dnl
{:- The last thing you'll need to configure is the time zone your system
will be using. For this to work properly, it is expected that you
have installed at least the "base{:--:}OSrev" and "bsd" distribution sets.
-:},dnl
{:- The last thing you might need to configure, if you did not get
the chance to earlier, is the time zone your system will be using.
For this work properly, it is expected that you have installed at
least the "base{:--:}OSrev" and "bsd" distribution sets.
-:})dnl
dnl install.sh finish_up()
The installation program will then proceed to save the system
configuration, create all the device nodes needed by the installed
system, and will install bootblocks on the root disk.
ifelse(MDSMP,,,{:-
On multiprocessor systems, if the bsd.mp kernel has been installed,
it will be renamed to "bsd", which is the default kernel the boot
blocks look for. The single processor kernel, "bsd", will be
available as "bsd.sp".
-:})
Finally, you will be asked whether you would like to install
non-free firmware files (which can't be tightly integrated to
the OpenBSD system) on first boot, by invoking fw_update(8) on
the next boot.-:})dnl
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDCongratulations-:},{:-
Congratulations, you have successfully installed OpenBSD OSREV. When you
reboot into OpenBSD, you should log in as "root" at the login prompt.
You should create yourself an account, if you skipped this step during
installation, and protect it and the "root" account with good passwords.
The install program leaves root an initial mail message. We recommend
you read it, as it contains answers to basic questions you might have
about OpenBSD, such as configuring your system, installing packages,
getting more information about OpenBSD, sending in your dmesg output
and more. To do this, run
mail
and then just enter "more 1" to get the first message. You quit mail by
entering "q".
Some of the files in the OpenBSD OSREV distribution might need to be
tailored for your site. We recommend you run:
man afterboot
which will tell you about a bunch of the files needing to be reviewed.
If you are unfamiliar with UN*X-like system administration, it's
recommended that you buy a book that discusses it.-:})dnl
dnl
dnl
dnl ========== Autoinstall instructions
dnl (usually used by arch/install)
dnl
dnl OpenBSDUnattendedInstallation()dnl
define({:-OpenBSDUnattendedInstallation-:},
{:-dnl
Preparing an unattended installation of OpenBSD:
------------------------------------------------
If "(A)utoinstall" is chosen at the install prompt or if the
installation system detects that it booted from the network, and
isn't interrupted within 5 seconds, it attempts a fully-automatic
installation.
The installer autoconfigures a DHCP IPv4 address on the network interface the
system booted from, or in case of multiple interfaces it will ask which one
to use. Upon success, it retrieves a response file via HTTP. If that
fails, the installer asks for the response file location, which can be
either a URL or a local path, and retrieves the response file from
there.
The "next-server" DHCP option specifies the hostname part of the URL,
as in "http://<next-server>/install.conf". The "filename" DHCP
parameter specifies the installer mode, e.g. "auto_install". On
architectures where this parameter is used for netbooting, create
a symbolic link named "auto_install" pointing to the boot program.
The response file contains lines with key/value pairs separated by
an equals sign "=", where the key is a non-ambiguous part (up to the
question mark) of the installer question, consisting of whitespace
separated words. The value is what would have been entered at the
interactive prompt. Empty lines and lines beginning with a "#"
character are ignored. The installer uses default answers in case
of missing answers.
Here is a response file example that uses a hashed password (see
encrypt(1) for more details) for root and a public ssh key for the
user that is created during the installation.
System hostname = openbsd
Password for root = ${:--:}2a${:--:}14${:--:}Z4xRMg8vDpgYH...GVot3ySoj8yby
Setup a user = puffy
Password for user = *************
Public ssh key for user = ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1...g3Aqre puffy@ai
What timezone are you in = Europe/Stockholm
Location of sets = http
HTTP Server = ftp.eu.openbsd.org
The "System hostname" key above matches the following full question
asked during an interactive installation:
System hostname? (short form, e.g. 'foo')
While the installation is in progress the installer writes all output
to the file /ai.log, which is available as mail on the freshly
installed system after the initial reboot. If the installation is
successful the system will reboot automatically; otherwise, you will
be dropped back into the shell where you can look at the /ai.log file
or try again.
dnl XXX: do we want this?
dnl A more complete example of a response file is distributed with the
dnl OpenBSD installation sets for amd64, which is recommended to use as a
dnl starting point and reference for writing your own.
-:})dnl
dnl
dnl
dnl ========== Upgrade instructions
dnl (usually used by arch/upgrade)
dnl
dnl OpenBSDUpgrade({:-<list of available boot methods>-:})dnl
dnl Parameter is optional.
define({:-OpenBSDUpgrade-:},
{:-Warning! Upgrades to OpenBSD OSREV are currently only supported from the
immediately previous release. The upgrade process will also work with older
releases, but might not execute some migration tasks that would be necessary
for a proper upgrade.
The best solution, whenever possible, is to backup your data and reinstall
from scratch. As a minimum, if the toolchain (the "comp" set) was installed,
you should remove all files within /usr/{:-include-:} before attempting to
upgrade.
To upgrade OpenBSD OSREV from a previous version, start with the general
instructions in the section "Installing OpenBSD".
Boot from $1.
When prompted, select the (U)pgrade option rather than the (I)nstall
option at the prompt in the install process.
You will be presented with a welcome message, and depending on how you are
connected to the system, you will be asked to set the terminal type or to
choose a keyboard layout.
The upgrade script will ask you for the existing root partition, and
will use the existing filesystems defined in /etc/fstab to install the
new system in. It will also use your existing network parameters.
From then, the upgrade procedure is very close to the installation
procedure described earlier in this document.
However, it is strongly advised that you unpack the etc{:--:}.tgz and the
xetc{:--:}.tgz files found in /var/sysmerge in a temporary
directory and merge changes by hand, or with the help of the sysmerge(8)
helper script, since all components of your system may not function
correctly until your files in "/etc" are updated.-:})dnl
dnl
dnl
dnl ========== Installation media preparation
dnl (usually used by arch/xfer)
dnl
dnl Generic preparation introduction, after the list of various sources.
dnl Use the short version unless there are too many methods, in this case
dnl the long versions adds a ``don't panic!'' notice.
define({:-OpenBSDXferShortPrelude-:},
{:-The steps necessary to prepare the distribution sets for installation
depend on which method of installation you choose. Some methods
require a bit of setup first that is explained below.
The installation allows installing OpenBSD directly from HTTP mirror
sites over the internet, however you must consider the speed and
reliability of your internet connection for this option. It may save
much time and frustration to download the distribution sets to a local
server or disk and perform the installation from there, rather than
directly from the internet.-:})dnl
define({:-OpenBSDXferPrelude-:},
{:-OpenBSDXferShortPrelude
The variety of options listed may seem confusing, but situations vary
widely in terms of what peripherals and what sort of network arrangements
a user has, the intent is to provide some way that will be practical.-:})dnl
dnl
dnl Various floppy generation instructions.
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDXferCDROM-:},
{:-Creating a bootable CD-ROM:
First you need to get access to the OpenBSD bootable CD-ROM (ISO)
images. They can be found on one of the OpenBSD mirror servers. Two
files are available, install{:--:}OSrev.iso which contains all of
the sets needed for installation, and a smaller cd{:--:}OSrev.iso
which contains just the installer, for a network install.
Windows users should be able to do this by right clicking on the
install{:--:}OSrev.iso file and clicking burn to CD.
OpenBSD users should be able to do this with the cdio command.
"cdio tao install{:--:}OSrev.iso"
Users of other operating systems should consult the
appropriate documentation.-:})dnl
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDXferFloppyFromDOS-:},
{:-Creating a bootable floppy disk using Windows:
First you need to get access to the OpenBSD bootable floppy
images. If you can access the distribution from the CD-ROM under
DOS, you will find the bootable disks in the OSREV/MACHINE
directory. Otherwise, you will have to download them from one of
the OpenBSD mirror sites, using an FTP client or a web browser.
In either case, take care to do "binary" transfers, since
these are images files and any DOS cr/lf translations or Control-z
EOF interpretations will result in corrupted transfers.
You will also need to go to the "tools" directory and grab a copy of
the ntrw.exe utility. Run it with the correct arguments like this
"ntrw <image> <drive>:"
Note that, when installing, the boot floppy can be write-protected
(i.e. read-only).-:})dnl
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDXferFloppyFromUNIX-:},
{:-Creating a bootable floppy disk using a Un*x-like system:
First, you will need to obtain a local copy of the bootable filesystem
image as described above. You should use the signify(1) and sha256(1)
commands to verify the integrity of the images with the SHA256.sig file
on the mirror site.
Next, use the dd(1) utility to copy the file to the floppy drive.
The command would likely be, under OpenBSD:
dd if=floppy{:--:}OSrev.img of=/dev/rfd0c bs=36b
If you are using another operating system, you may have to adapt
this to conform to local naming conventions for the floppy and
options suitable for copying to a "raw" floppy image. The key
issue is that the device name used for the floppy *must* be one
that refers to the correct block device, not a partition or
compatibility mode, and the copy command needs to be compatible
with the requirement that writes to a raw device must be in
multiples of 512-byte blocks. The variations are endless and
beyond the scope of this document.
If you're doing this on the system you intend to boot the floppy on,
copying the floppy back to a file and doing a compare or checksum
is a good way to verify that the floppy is readable and free of
read/write errors.
Note that, when installing, the boot floppy can be write-protected
(i.e. read-only).-:})dnl
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDXferUSBFromUNIX-:},
{:-Creating a bootable USB key using a Un*x-like system:
Some older systems may not be able to boot from USB keys or require
changing boot priority. Check your BIOS settings if you run into
problems.
First, you will need to obtain a local copy of the bootable filesystem
image miniroot{:--:}OSrev.img or install{:--:}OSrev.img as described above.
You should use the signify(1) and sha256(1) commands to verify
the integrity of the images with the SHA256.sig file on the mirror site.
Next, use the dd(1) utility to copy the file to the USB storage device.
The command would likely be, under OpenBSD:
dd if=miniroot{:--:}OSrev.img of=/dev/rsdNc bs=1m
where N is the device number. You can find the correct device number
by checking dmesg(8) when inserting the media.
If you are using another operating system, you may have to adapt
this to conform to local naming conventions for the USB key and
options suitable for copying to a "raw" disk image. The key
issue is that the device name used for the USB key *must* be one
that refers to the correct block device, not a partition or
compatibility mode, and the copy command needs to be compatible
with the requirement that writes to a raw device must be in
multiples of 512-byte blocks. The variations are endless and
beyond the scope of this document.
If you're doing this on the system you intend to boot the USB key on,
copying the image back to a file and doing a compare or checksum
is a good way to verify that the USB key is readable and free of
read/write errors.-:})dnl
dnl
dnl OpenBSDXferNFS [(noupgrade)]
define({:-OpenBSDXferNFS-:},
{:-To install OpenBSD using a remote partition, mounted via
NFS, you must do the following:
NOTE: This method of installation is recommended only for
those already familiar with using BSD network
configuration and management commands. If you aren't,
this documentation should help, but is not intended to
be all-encompassing.
Place the OpenBSD distribution sets you wish to install
into a directory on an NFS server, and make that directory
mountable by the machine on which you are installing or
upgrading OpenBSD. This will probably require modifying
the /etc/exports file of the NFS server and resetting
its mount daemon (mountd). (Both of these actions will
probably require superuser privileges on the server.)
You need to know the numeric IP address of the NFS
server, and, if the server is not on a network directly
connected to the machine on which you're installing or
upgrading OpenBSD, you need to know the numeric IP address
of the router closest to the OpenBSD machine. Finally,
you need to know the numeric IP address of the OpenBSD
machine itself.
Once the NFS server is set up properly and you have the
information mentioned above, you can proceed to the next
step in the installation ifelse(X$1,X,{:-or upgrade -:})process.ifelse(X$1,X,,{:- If you're
installing OpenBSD from scratch, go to the section on
preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an
existing installation, go directly to the section on
upgrading.-:})-:})dnl
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDXferFFS-:},
{:-If you are upgrading OpenBSD, you also have the option of installing
OpenBSD by putting the new distribution sets somewhere in your
existing file system, and using them from there. To do that, do
the following:
Place the distribution sets you wish to upgrade somewhere
in your current file system tree. At a bare minimum, you
must upgrade the "base" binary distribution, and so must
put the "base{:--:}OSrev" set somewhere in your file system. It
is recommended that you upgrade the other sets, as well.-:})dnl
dnl
define({:-OpenBSDInstNFS-:},
{:-Now you must populate the "/dev" directory for your client. If the server
does not run OpenBSD you might save the MAKEDEV output:
eo=echo ksh MAKEDEV all > all.sh
and then tailor it for your server operating system before running it. Note
that MAKEDEV is written specifically for ksh, and may not work on any other
Bourne shell.
There will be error messages about unknown users and groups. These errors are
inconsequential for the purpose of installing OpenBSD. However, you may
want to correct them if you plan to use the diskless setup regularly. In that
case, you may re-run MAKEDEV on your OpenBSD machine once it has booted.-:})dnl
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