mirror of
https://github.com/openbsd/src.git
synced 2025-01-04 23:35:36 -08:00
Remove more knowledge of a.out and stab information from the tree.
ok miod
This commit is contained in:
deraadt
parent
36469d4f36
commit
c54927cb82
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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# $OpenBSD: Makefile,v 1.176 2013/09/29 14:54:07 deraadt Exp $
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# $OpenBSD: Makefile,v 1.177 2013/10/19 09:00:18 deraadt Exp $
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# $NetBSD: Makefile,v 1.59 1996/05/15 21:36:43 jtc Exp $
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# @(#)Makefile 5.45.1.1 (Berkeley) 5/6/91
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@ -17,13 +17,13 @@ FILES= a.out.h ar.h assert.h bitstring.h blf.h bm.h bsd_auth.h \
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md5.h memory.h mpool.h ndbm.h netdb.h netgroup.h nlist.h nl_types.h \
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ohash.h paths.h poll.h pwd.h ranlib.h re_comp.h \
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readpassphrase.h regex.h resolv.h rmd160.h search.h setjmp.h \
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sgtty.h sha1.h sha2.h signal.h sndio.h spawn.h stab.h \
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sgtty.h sha1.h sha2.h signal.h sndio.h spawn.h \
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stdbool.h stddef.h stdio.h stdlib.h \
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string.h strings.h struct.h sysexits.h tar.h tgmath.h \
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time.h ttyent.h tzfile.h unistd.h utime.h utmp.h vis.h \
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wchar.h wctype.h
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FILES+= link.h link_aout.h link_elf.h
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FILES+= link.h link_elf.h
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.if (${MACHINE_ARCH} != "vax")
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FILES+= ieeefp.h
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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/* $OpenBSD: link.h,v 1.14 2004/01/22 21:48:02 espie Exp $ */
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/* $OpenBSD: link.h,v 1.15 2013/10/19 09:00:18 deraadt Exp $ */
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/* $NetBSD: link.h,v 1.10 1996/01/09 00:00:11 pk Exp $ */
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/*
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@ -37,8 +37,6 @@
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#ifdef __ELF__
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#include <link_elf.h>
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#else
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#include <link_aout.h>
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#endif
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/*
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@ -1,204 +0,0 @@
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/* $OpenBSD: link_aout.h,v 1.2 2004/01/22 21:48:02 espie Exp $ */
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/*
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* Copyright (c) 1993 Paul Kranenburg
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* All rights reserved.
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*
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* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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* are met:
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* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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* 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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* must display the following acknowledgement:
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* This product includes software developed by Paul Kranenburg.
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* 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
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* derived from this software without specific prior written permission
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*
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* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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* IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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* OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
|
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* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
|
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* INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
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* NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
|
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* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
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* THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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*/
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/*
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* RRS section definitions.
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*
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* The layout of some data structures defined in this header file is
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* such that we can provide compatibility with the SunOS 4.x shared
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* library scheme.
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*/
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/*
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* Symbol description with size. This is simply an `nlist' with
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* one field (nz_size) added.
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* Used to convey size information on items in the data segment
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* of shared objects. An array of these live in the shared object's
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* text segment and is addressed by the `sdt_nzlist' field.
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*/
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struct nzlist {
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struct nlist nlist;
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unsigned long nz_size;
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#define nz_un nlist.n_un
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#define nz_strx nlist.n_un.n_strx
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#define nz_name nlist.n_un.n_name
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#define nz_type nlist.n_type
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#define nz_value nlist.n_value
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#define nz_desc nlist.n_desc
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#define nz_other nlist.n_other
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};
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#define N_AUX(p) ((p)->n_other & 0xf)
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#define N_BIND(p) (((unsigned int)(p)->n_other >> 4) & 0xf)
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#define N_OTHER(r, v) (((unsigned int)(r) << 4) | ((v) & 0xf))
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#define AUX_OBJECT 1
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#define AUX_FUNC 2
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/*#define BIND_LOCAL 0 not used */
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/*#define BIND_GLOBAL 1 not used */
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#define BIND_WEAK 2
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/*
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* The `section_dispatch_table' structure contains offsets to various data
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* structures needed to do run-time relocation.
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*/
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struct section_dispatch_table {
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struct so_map *sdt_loaded; /* List of loaded objects */
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long sdt_sods; /* List of shared objects descriptors */
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long sdt_paths; /* Library search paths */
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long sdt_got; /* Global offset table */
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long sdt_plt; /* Procedure linkage table */
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long sdt_rel; /* Relocation table */
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long sdt_hash; /* Symbol hash table */
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long sdt_nzlist; /* Symbol table itself */
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long sdt_filler2; /* Unused (was: stab_hash) */
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long sdt_buckets; /* Number of hash buckets */
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long sdt_strings; /* Symbol strings */
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long sdt_str_sz; /* Size of symbol strings */
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long sdt_text_sz; /* Size of text area */
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long sdt_plt_sz; /* Size of procedure linkage table */
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};
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/*
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* RRS symbol hash table, addressed by `sdt_hash' in section_dispatch_table.
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* Used to quickly lookup symbols of the shared object by hashing
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* on the symbol's name. `rh_symbolnum' is the index of the symbol
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* in the shared object's symbol list (`sdt_nzlist'), `rh_next' is
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* the next symbol in the hash bucket (in case of collisions).
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*/
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struct rrs_hash {
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int rh_symbolnum; /* Symbol number */
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int rh_next; /* Next hash entry */
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};
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/*
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* `rt_symbols' is used to keep track of run-time allocated commons
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* and data items copied from shared objects.
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*/
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struct rt_symbol {
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struct nzlist *rt_sp; /* The symbol */
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struct rt_symbol *rt_next; /* Next in linear list */
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struct rt_symbol *rt_link; /* Next in bucket */
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caddr_t rt_srcaddr; /* Address of "master" copy */
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struct so_map *rt_smp; /* Originating map */
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};
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/*
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* Debugger interface structure.
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*/
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struct so_debug {
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int dd_version; /* Version # of interface */
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int dd_in_debugger; /* Set when run by debugger */
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int dd_sym_loaded; /* Run-time linking brought more
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symbols into scope */
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char *dd_bpt_addr; /* Address of rtld-generated bpt */
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int dd_bpt_shadow; /* Original contents of bpt */
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struct rt_symbol *dd_cc; /* Allocated commons/copied data */
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};
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/*
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* Entry points into ld.so - user interface to the run-time linker.
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*/
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struct ld_entry {
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void *(*dlopen)(const char *, int);
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int (*dlclose)(void *);
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void *(*dlsym)(void *, const char *);
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int (*dlctl)(void *, int, void *);
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void (*dlexit)(void);
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void (*dlrsrvd[3])(void);
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};
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/*
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* This is the structure pointed at by the __DYNAMIC symbol if an
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* executable requires the attention of the run-time link editor.
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* __DYNAMIC is given the value zero if no run-time linking needs to
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* be done (it is always present in shared objects).
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* The union `d_un' provides for different versions of the dynamic
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* linking mechanism (switched on by `d_version'). The last version
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* used by Sun is 3. We leave some room here and go to version number
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* 8 for NetBSD, the main difference lying in the support for the
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* `nz_list' type of symbols.
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*/
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struct _dynamic {
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int d_version; /* version # of this interface */
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struct so_debug *d_debug;
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union {
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struct section_dispatch_table *d_sdt;
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} d_un;
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struct ld_entry *d_entry; /* compat - now in crt_ldso */
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};
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#define LD_VERSION_SUN (3)
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#define LD_VERSION_BSD (8)
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#define LD_VERSION_NZLIST_P(v) ((v) >= 8)
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#define LD_GOT(x) ((x)->d_un.d_sdt->sdt_got)
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#define LD_PLT(x) ((x)->d_un.d_sdt->sdt_plt)
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#define LD_REL(x) ((x)->d_un.d_sdt->sdt_rel)
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#define LD_SYMBOL(x) ((x)->d_un.d_sdt->sdt_nzlist)
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#define LD_HASH(x) ((x)->d_un.d_sdt->sdt_hash)
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#define LD_STRINGS(x) ((x)->d_un.d_sdt->sdt_strings)
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#define LD_NEED(x) ((x)->d_un.d_sdt->sdt_sods)
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#define LD_BUCKETS(x) ((x)->d_un.d_sdt->sdt_buckets)
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#define LD_PATHS(x) ((x)->d_un.d_sdt->sdt_paths)
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#define LD_GOTSZ(x) ((x)->d_un.d_sdt->sdt_plt - (x)->d_un.d_sdt->sdt_got)
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#define LD_RELSZ(x) ((x)->d_un.d_sdt->sdt_hash - (x)->d_un.d_sdt->sdt_rel)
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#define LD_HASHSZ(x) ((x)->d_un.d_sdt->sdt_nzlist - (x)->d_un.d_sdt->sdt_hash)
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#define LD_STABSZ(x) ((x)->d_un.d_sdt->sdt_strings - (x)->d_un.d_sdt->sdt_nzlist)
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#define LD_PLTSZ(x) ((x)->d_un.d_sdt->sdt_plt_sz)
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#define LD_STRSZ(x) ((x)->d_un.d_sdt->sdt_str_sz)
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#define LD_TEXTSZ(x) ((x)->d_un.d_sdt->sdt_text_sz)
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/*
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* Interface to ld.so
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*/
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struct crt_ldso {
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int crt_ba; /* Base address of ld.so */
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int crt_dzfd; /* "/dev/zero" file descriptor (SunOS) */
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int crt_ldfd; /* ld.so file descriptor */
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struct _dynamic *crt_dp; /* Main's __DYNAMIC */
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char **crt_ep; /* environment strings */
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caddr_t crt_bp; /* Breakpoint if run from debugger */
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char *crt_prog; /* Program name (v3) */
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char *crt_ldso; /* Link editor name (v4) */
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struct ld_entry *crt_ldentry; /* dl*() access (v4) */
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};
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/*
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* Version passed from crt0 to ld.so (1st argument to _rtld()).
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*/
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#define CRT_VERSION_SUN 1
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#define CRT_VERSION_BSD_2 2
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#define CRT_VERSION_BSD_3 3
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#define CRT_VERSION_BSD_4 4
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@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
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/* $OpenBSD: stab.h,v 1.3 2003/06/02 19:34:12 millert Exp $ */
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/* $NetBSD: stab.h,v 1.4 1994/10/26 00:56:25 cgd Exp $ */
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/*-
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* Copyright (c) 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
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* All rights reserved.
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*
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* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
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* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
||||
* are met:
|
||||
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
||||
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
||||
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
||||
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
||||
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
||||
* 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
|
||||
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
||||
* without specific prior written permission.
|
||||
*
|
||||
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
|
||||
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
||||
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
|
||||
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
|
||||
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
||||
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
|
||||
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
|
||||
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
|
||||
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
|
||||
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
|
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* SUCH DAMAGE.
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*
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* @(#)stab.h 5.2 (Berkeley) 4/4/91
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*/
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#ifndef _STAB_H_
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#define _STAB_H_
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/*
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* The following are symbols used by various debuggers and by the Pascal
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* compiler. Each of them must have one (or more) of the bits defined by
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* the N_STAB mask set.
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*/
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#define N_GSYM 0x20 /* global symbol */
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#define N_FNAME 0x22 /* F77 function name */
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#define N_FUN 0x24 /* procedure name */
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#define N_STSYM 0x26 /* data segment variable */
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#define N_LCSYM 0x28 /* bss segment variable */
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#define N_MAIN 0x2a /* main function name */
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#define N_PC 0x30 /* global Pascal symbol */
|
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#define N_RSYM 0x40 /* register variable */
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#define N_SLINE 0x44 /* text segment line number */
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#define N_DSLINE 0x46 /* data segment line number */
|
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#define N_BSLINE 0x48 /* bss segment line number */
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#define N_SSYM 0x60 /* structure/union element */
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#define N_SO 0x64 /* main source file name */
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#define N_LSYM 0x80 /* stack variable */
|
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#define N_BINCL 0x82 /* include file beginning */
|
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#define N_SOL 0x84 /* included source file name */
|
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#define N_PSYM 0xa0 /* parameter variable */
|
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#define N_EINCL 0xa2 /* include file end */
|
||||
#define N_ENTRY 0xa4 /* alternate entry point */
|
||||
#define N_LBRAC 0xc0 /* left bracket */
|
||||
#define N_EXCL 0xc2 /* deleted include file */
|
||||
#define N_RBRAC 0xe0 /* right bracket */
|
||||
#define N_BCOMM 0xe2 /* begin common */
|
||||
#define N_ECOMM 0xe4 /* end common */
|
||||
#define N_ECOML 0xe8 /* end common (local name) */
|
||||
#define N_LENG 0xfe /* length of preceding entry */
|
||||
|
||||
#endif /* !_STAB_H_ */
|
||||
@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
|
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# $OpenBSD: Makefile,v 1.47 2013/07/09 18:25:28 miod Exp $
|
||||
# $OpenBSD: Makefile,v 1.48 2013/10/19 09:00:19 deraadt Exp $
|
||||
# $NetBSD: Makefile,v 1.14 1995/05/11 23:13:15 cgd Exp $
|
||||
|
||||
# missing: dump.5 plot.5
|
||||
|
||||
MAN= a.out.5 acct.5 ar.5 bsd.port.mk.5 bsd.port.arch.mk.5 bsd.regress.mk.5 \
|
||||
MAN= acct.5 ar.5 bsd.port.mk.5 bsd.port.arch.mk.5 bsd.regress.mk.5 \
|
||||
changelist.5 core.5 \
|
||||
defaultdomain.5 dir.5 disktab.5 elf.5 ethers.5 fbtab.5 files.conf.5 \
|
||||
forward.5 fs.5 fstab.5 genassym.cf.5 group.5 hostname.if.5 \
|
||||
@ -12,7 +10,7 @@ MAN= a.out.5 acct.5 ar.5 bsd.port.mk.5 bsd.port.arch.mk.5 bsd.regress.mk.5 \
|
||||
pf.conf.5 pf.os.5 port-modules.5 printcap.5 protocols.5 \
|
||||
ranlib.5 remote.5 resolv.conf.5 rpc.5 ruby-module.5 \
|
||||
services.5 shells.5 \
|
||||
stab.5 spamd.conf.5 sysctl.conf.5 utmp.5 wsconsctl.conf.5
|
||||
spamd.conf.5 sysctl.conf.5 utmp.5 wsconsctl.conf.5
|
||||
|
||||
MLINKS= dir.5 dirent.5 fs.5 inode.5 utmp.5 wtmp.5 utmp.5 lastlog.5
|
||||
MLINKS+= hosts.equiv.5 .rhosts.5
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,449 +0,0 @@
|
||||
.\" $OpenBSD: a.out.5,v 1.17 2013/07/10 06:43:38 jmc Exp $
|
||||
.\" $NetBSD: a.out.5,v 1.8 1994/11/30 19:31:09 jtc Exp $
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
|
||||
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.\" This man page is derived from documentation contributed to Berkeley by
|
||||
.\" Donn Seeley at UUNET Technologies, Inc.
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
||||
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
||||
.\" are met:
|
||||
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
||||
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
||||
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
||||
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
||||
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
||||
.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
|
||||
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
||||
.\" without specific prior written permission.
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
|
||||
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
||||
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
|
||||
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
|
||||
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
||||
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
|
||||
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
|
||||
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
|
||||
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
|
||||
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
|
||||
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.\" @(#)a.out.5 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.Dd $Mdocdate: July 10 2013 $
|
||||
.Dt A.OUT 5
|
||||
.Os
|
||||
.Sh NAME
|
||||
.Nm a.out
|
||||
.Nd format of legacy executable binary files
|
||||
.Sh SYNOPSIS
|
||||
.Fd #include <sys/types.h>
|
||||
.Fd #include <a.out.h>
|
||||
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
||||
The include file
|
||||
.Aq Pa a.out.h
|
||||
declares three structures and several macros.
|
||||
The structures describe the format of legacy executable machine code files
|
||||
.Pq Dq binaries
|
||||
on the system.
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
A binary file consists of up to 7 sections.
|
||||
In order, these sections are:
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width "text relocations"
|
||||
.It exec header
|
||||
Contains parameters used by the kernel to load a binary file into memory
|
||||
and execute it, and by the link editor
|
||||
.Xr ld 1
|
||||
to combine a binary file with other binary files.
|
||||
This section is the only mandatory one.
|
||||
.It text segment
|
||||
Contains machine code and related data
|
||||
that are loaded into memory when a program executes.
|
||||
May be loaded read-only.
|
||||
.It data segment
|
||||
Contains initialized data; always loaded into writable memory.
|
||||
.It text relocations
|
||||
Contains records used by the link editor
|
||||
to update pointers in the text segment when combining binary files.
|
||||
.It data relocations
|
||||
Like the text relocation section, but for data segment pointers.
|
||||
.It symbol table
|
||||
Contains records used by the link editor
|
||||
to cross reference the addresses of named variables and functions
|
||||
.Pq Dq symbols
|
||||
between binary files.
|
||||
.It string table
|
||||
Contains the character strings corresponding to the symbol names.
|
||||
.El
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
Every binary file begins with an
|
||||
.Fa exec
|
||||
structure:
|
||||
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
||||
struct exec {
|
||||
u_int32_t a_midmag;
|
||||
u_int32_t a_text;
|
||||
u_int32_t a_data;
|
||||
u_int32_t a_bss;
|
||||
u_int32_t a_syms;
|
||||
u_int32_t a_entry;
|
||||
u_int32_t a_trsize;
|
||||
u_int32_t a_drsize;
|
||||
};
|
||||
.Ed
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
The fields have the following functions:
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width a_trsize
|
||||
.It Fa a_midmag
|
||||
This field is stored in network byte-order so that binaries for
|
||||
machines with alternate byte orders can be distinguished.
|
||||
It has a number of sub-components accessed by the macros
|
||||
.Fn N_GETFLAG ,
|
||||
.Fn N_GETMID ,
|
||||
and
|
||||
.Fn N_GETMAGIC ,
|
||||
and set by the macro
|
||||
.Fn N_SETMAGIC .
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
The macro
|
||||
.Fn N_GETFLAG
|
||||
returns a few flags:
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width EX_DYNAMIC
|
||||
.It Dv EX_DYNAMIC
|
||||
Indicates that the executable requires the services of the run-time link editor.
|
||||
.It Dv EX_PIC
|
||||
Indicates that the object contains position independent code.
|
||||
This flag is set by
|
||||
.Xr as 1
|
||||
when given the
|
||||
.Fl k
|
||||
flag and is preserved by
|
||||
.Xr ld 1
|
||||
if necessary.
|
||||
.El
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
If both
|
||||
.Dv EX_DYNAMIC
|
||||
and
|
||||
.Dv EX_PIC
|
||||
are set, the object file is a position independent
|
||||
executable image (e.g., a shared library), which is to be loaded into the
|
||||
process address space by the run-time link editor.
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
The macro
|
||||
.Fn N_GETMID
|
||||
returns the machine ID.
|
||||
This indicates which machine(s) the binary is intended to run on.
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
.Fn N_GETMAGIC
|
||||
specifies the magic number, which uniquely identifies binary files
|
||||
and distinguishes different loading conventions.
|
||||
The field must contain one of the following values:
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width ZMAGIC
|
||||
.It Dv OMAGIC
|
||||
The text and data segments immediately follow the header and are contiguous.
|
||||
The kernel loads both text and data segments into writable memory.
|
||||
.It Dv NMAGIC
|
||||
As with
|
||||
.Dv OMAGIC ,
|
||||
text and data segments immediately follow the header and are contiguous.
|
||||
However, the kernel loads the text into read-only memory and loads the data
|
||||
into writable memory at the next page boundary after the text.
|
||||
.It Dv ZMAGIC
|
||||
The kernel loads individual pages on demand from the binary.
|
||||
The header, text segment and data segment are all
|
||||
padded by the link editor to a multiple of the page size.
|
||||
Pages that the kernel loads from the text segment are read-only,
|
||||
while pages from the data segment are writable.
|
||||
.El
|
||||
.It Fa a_text
|
||||
Contains the size of the text segment in bytes.
|
||||
.It Fa a_data
|
||||
Contains the size of the data segment in bytes.
|
||||
.It Fa a_bss
|
||||
Contains the number of bytes in the
|
||||
.Dq BSS segment
|
||||
and is used by the kernel to set the initial break
|
||||
.Pq Xr brk 2
|
||||
after the data segment.
|
||||
The kernel loads the program so that this amount of writable memory
|
||||
appears to follow the data segment and initially reads as zeroes.
|
||||
.It Fa a_syms
|
||||
Contains the size in bytes of the symbol table section.
|
||||
.It Fa a_entry
|
||||
Contains the address in memory of the entry point
|
||||
of the program after the kernel has loaded it;
|
||||
the kernel starts the execution of the program
|
||||
from the machine instruction at this address.
|
||||
.It Fa a_trsize
|
||||
Contains the size in bytes of the text relocation table.
|
||||
.It Fa a_drsize
|
||||
Contains the size in bytes of the data relocation table.
|
||||
.El
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
The
|
||||
.Pa a.out.h
|
||||
include file defines several macros which use an
|
||||
.Fa exec
|
||||
structure to test consistency or to locate section offsets in the binary file.
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width N_TRELOFF(exec)
|
||||
.It Fn N_BADMAG exec
|
||||
Non-zero if the
|
||||
.Fa a_magic
|
||||
field does not contain a recognized value.
|
||||
.It Fn N_TXTOFF exec
|
||||
The byte offset of the beginning of the text segment.
|
||||
.It Fn N_DATOFF exec
|
||||
The byte offset of the beginning of the data segment.
|
||||
.It Fn N_DRELOFF exec
|
||||
The byte offset of the beginning of the data relocation table.
|
||||
.It Fn N_TRELOFF exec
|
||||
The byte offset of the beginning of the text relocation table.
|
||||
.It Fn N_SYMOFF exec
|
||||
The byte offset of the beginning of the symbol table.
|
||||
.It Fn N_STROFF exec
|
||||
The byte offset of the beginning of the string table.
|
||||
.El
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
Relocation records have a standard format which is described by the
|
||||
.Fa relocation_info
|
||||
structure:
|
||||
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
||||
struct relocation_info {
|
||||
int r_address;
|
||||
unsigned int r_symbolnum : 24,
|
||||
r_pcrel : 1,
|
||||
r_length : 2,
|
||||
r_extern : 1,
|
||||
r_baserel : 1,
|
||||
r_jmptable : 1,
|
||||
r_relative : 1,
|
||||
r_copy : 1;
|
||||
};
|
||||
.Ed
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
The
|
||||
.Fa relocation_info
|
||||
fields are used as follows:
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width r_symbolnum
|
||||
.It Fa r_address
|
||||
Contains the byte offset of a pointer that needs to be link-edited.
|
||||
Text relocation offsets are reckoned from the start of the text segment,
|
||||
and data relocation offsets from the start of the data segment.
|
||||
The link editor adds the value that is already stored at this offset
|
||||
into the new value that it computes using this relocation record.
|
||||
.It Fa r_symbolnum
|
||||
Contains the ordinal number of a symbol structure in the symbol table (it is
|
||||
.Em not
|
||||
a byte offset).
|
||||
After the link editor resolves the absolute address for this symbol,
|
||||
it adds that address to the pointer that is undergoing relocation.
|
||||
(If the
|
||||
.Fa r_extern
|
||||
bit is clear, the situation is different; see below.)
|
||||
.It Fa r_pcrel
|
||||
If this is set, the link editor assumes that it is updating a pointer
|
||||
that is part of a machine code instruction using pc-relative addressing.
|
||||
The address of the relocated pointer is implicitly added
|
||||
to its value when the running program uses it.
|
||||
.It Fa r_length
|
||||
Contains the log base 2 of the length of the pointer in bytes;
|
||||
0 for 1-byte displacements, 1 for 2-byte displacements,
|
||||
2 for 4-byte displacements.
|
||||
.It Fa r_extern
|
||||
Set if this relocation requires an external reference;
|
||||
the link editor must use a symbol address to update the pointer.
|
||||
When the
|
||||
.Fa r_extern
|
||||
bit is clear, the relocation is
|
||||
.Dq local ;
|
||||
the link editor updates the pointer to reflect
|
||||
changes in the load addresses of the various segments,
|
||||
rather than changes in the value of a symbol (except when
|
||||
.Fa r_baserel
|
||||
is also set, see below).
|
||||
In this case, the content of the
|
||||
.Fa r_symbolnum
|
||||
field is an
|
||||
.Fa n_type
|
||||
value (see below);
|
||||
this type field tells the link editor
|
||||
what segment the relocated pointer points into.
|
||||
.It Fa r_baserel
|
||||
If set, the symbol, as identified by the
|
||||
.Fa r_symbolnum
|
||||
field, is to be relocated to an offset into the Global Offset Table.
|
||||
At run-time, the entry in the Global Offset Table at this offset is set to
|
||||
be the address of the symbol.
|
||||
.It Fa r_jmptable
|
||||
If set, the symbol, as identified by the
|
||||
.Fa r_symbolnum
|
||||
field, is to be relocated to an offset into the Procedure Linkage Table.
|
||||
.It Fa r_relative
|
||||
If set, this relocation is relative to the (run-time) load address of the
|
||||
image this object file is going to be a part of.
|
||||
This type of relocation only occurs in shared objects.
|
||||
.It Fa r_copy
|
||||
If set, this relocation record identifies a symbol whose contents should
|
||||
be copied to the location given in
|
||||
.Fa r_address .
|
||||
The copying is done by the run-time link editor from a suitable data
|
||||
item in a shared object.
|
||||
.El
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
Symbols map names to addresses (or more generally, strings to values).
|
||||
Since the link editor adjusts addresses,
|
||||
a symbol's name must be used to stand for its address
|
||||
until an absolute value has been assigned.
|
||||
Symbols consist of a fixed-length record in the symbol table
|
||||
and a variable-length name in the string table.
|
||||
The symbol table is an array of
|
||||
.Fa nlist
|
||||
structures:
|
||||
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
||||
struct nlist {
|
||||
union {
|
||||
char *n_name;
|
||||
long n_strx;
|
||||
} n_un;
|
||||
unsigned char n_type;
|
||||
char n_other;
|
||||
short n_desc;
|
||||
unsigned long n_value;
|
||||
};
|
||||
.Ed
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
The fields are used as follows:
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width n_un.n_strx
|
||||
.It Fa n_un.n_strx
|
||||
Contains a byte offset into the string table for the name of this symbol.
|
||||
When a program accesses a symbol table with the
|
||||
.Xr nlist 3
|
||||
function, this field is replaced with the
|
||||
.Fa n_un.n_name
|
||||
field, which is a pointer to the string in memory.
|
||||
.It Fa n_type
|
||||
Used by the link editor to determine how to update the symbol's value.
|
||||
The
|
||||
.Fa n_type
|
||||
field is broken down into three sub-fields using bitmasks.
|
||||
The link editor treats symbols with the
|
||||
.Dv N_EXT
|
||||
type bit set as
|
||||
.Dq external
|
||||
symbols and permits references to them from other binary files.
|
||||
The
|
||||
.Dv N_TYPE
|
||||
mask selects bits of interest to the link editor:
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width N_TEXT
|
||||
.It Dv N_UNDF
|
||||
An undefined symbol.
|
||||
The link editor must locate an external symbol with the same name
|
||||
in another binary file to determine the absolute value of this symbol.
|
||||
As a special case, if the
|
||||
.Fa n_value
|
||||
field is non-zero and no binary file in the link-edit defines this symbol,
|
||||
the link editor will resolve this symbol to an address
|
||||
in the BSS segment, reserving an amount of bytes equal to
|
||||
.Fa n_value .
|
||||
If this symbol is undefined in more than one binary file
|
||||
and the binary files do not agree on the size,
|
||||
the link editor chooses the greatest size found across all binaries.
|
||||
.It Dv N_ABS
|
||||
An absolute symbol.
|
||||
The link editor does not update an absolute symbol.
|
||||
.It Dv N_TEXT
|
||||
A text symbol.
|
||||
This symbol's value is a text address and
|
||||
the link editor will update it when it merges binary files.
|
||||
.It Dv N_DATA
|
||||
A data symbol; similar to
|
||||
.Dv N_TEXT
|
||||
but for data addresses.
|
||||
The values for text and data symbols are not file offsets but
|
||||
addresses; to recover the file offsets, it is necessary
|
||||
to identify the loaded address of the beginning of the corresponding
|
||||
section and subtract it, then add the offset of the section.
|
||||
.It Dv N_BSS
|
||||
A BSS symbol; like text or data symbols but
|
||||
has no corresponding offset in the binary file.
|
||||
.It Dv N_FN
|
||||
A filename symbol.
|
||||
The link editor inserts this symbol before
|
||||
the other symbols from a binary file when
|
||||
merging binary files.
|
||||
The name of the symbol is the filename given to the link editor,
|
||||
and its value is the first text address from that binary file.
|
||||
Filename symbols are not needed for link editing or loading,
|
||||
but are useful for debuggers.
|
||||
.El
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
The
|
||||
.Dv N_STAB
|
||||
mask selects bits of interest to symbolic debuggers
|
||||
such as
|
||||
.Xr gdb 1 ;
|
||||
the values are described in
|
||||
.Xr stab 5 .
|
||||
.It Fa n_other
|
||||
This field provides information on the nature of the symbol independent of
|
||||
the symbol's location in terms of segments as determined by the
|
||||
.Fa n_type
|
||||
field.
|
||||
Currently, the lower 4 bits of the
|
||||
.Fa n_other
|
||||
field hold one of two values:
|
||||
.Dv AUX_FUNC
|
||||
and
|
||||
.Dv AUX_OBJECT
|
||||
.Po
|
||||
see
|
||||
.Aq Pa link.h
|
||||
for their definitions
|
||||
.Pc .
|
||||
.Dv AUX_FUNC
|
||||
associates the symbol with a callable function, while
|
||||
.Dv AUX_OBJECT
|
||||
associates the symbol with data, irrespective of their locations in
|
||||
either the text or the data segment.
|
||||
This field is intended to be used by
|
||||
.Xr ld 1
|
||||
for the construction of dynamic executables.
|
||||
.It Fa n_desc
|
||||
Reserved for use by debuggers; passed untouched by the link editor.
|
||||
Different debuggers use this field for different purposes.
|
||||
.It Fa n_value
|
||||
Contains the value of the symbol.
|
||||
For text, data and BSS symbols, this is an address;
|
||||
for other symbols (such as debugger symbols),
|
||||
the value may be arbitrary.
|
||||
.El
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
The string table consists of an
|
||||
.Em u_int32_t
|
||||
length followed by null-terminated symbol strings.
|
||||
The length represents the size of the entire table in bytes,
|
||||
so its minimum value (or the offset of the first string)
|
||||
is always 4 on 32-bit machines.
|
||||
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
||||
.Xr as 1 ,
|
||||
.Xr gdb 1 ,
|
||||
.Xr ld 1 ,
|
||||
.Xr brk 2 ,
|
||||
.Xr execve 2 ,
|
||||
.Xr nlist 3 ,
|
||||
.Xr core 5 ,
|
||||
.Xr elf 5 ,
|
||||
.Xr stab 5
|
||||
.Sh HISTORY
|
||||
The
|
||||
.Pa a.out.h
|
||||
include file appeared in
|
||||
.At v3 .
|
||||
.Sh BUGS
|
||||
Nobody seems to agree on what
|
||||
.Em BSS
|
||||
stands for.
|
||||
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
||||
.\" $OpenBSD: core.5,v 1.14 2012/08/30 15:57:13 deraadt Exp $
|
||||
.\" $OpenBSD: core.5,v 1.15 2013/10/19 09:00:19 deraadt Exp $
|
||||
.\" $NetBSD: core.5,v 1.4 1994/11/30 19:31:11 jtc Exp $
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
|
||||
@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.\" @(#)core.5 8.3 (Berkeley) 12/11/93
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.Dd $Mdocdate: August 30 2012 $
|
||||
.Dd $Mdocdate: October 19 2013 $
|
||||
.Dt CORE 5
|
||||
.Os
|
||||
.Sh NAME
|
||||
@ -144,10 +144,9 @@ struct core {
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
The core structure's
|
||||
.Fa c_midmag field
|
||||
is an a.out midmag number with a
|
||||
is an a.out-style midmag number with a
|
||||
.Dv COREMAGIC
|
||||
magic number (see
|
||||
.Xr a.out 5 )
|
||||
magic number.
|
||||
and flags from the following list:
|
||||
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
|
||||
#define CORE_CPU 1
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,224 +0,0 @@
|
||||
.\" $OpenBSD: stab.5,v 1.14 2007/05/31 19:19:58 jmc Exp $
|
||||
.\" $NetBSD: stab.5,v 1.3 1994/11/30 19:31:33 jtc Exp $
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
|
||||
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
||||
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
||||
.\" are met:
|
||||
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
||||
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
||||
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
||||
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
||||
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
||||
.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
|
||||
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
||||
.\" without specific prior written permission.
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
|
||||
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
||||
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
|
||||
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
|
||||
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
||||
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
|
||||
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
|
||||
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
|
||||
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
|
||||
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
|
||||
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.\" @(#)stab.5 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.Dd $Mdocdate: May 31 2007 $
|
||||
.Dt STAB 5
|
||||
.Os
|
||||
.Sh NAME
|
||||
.Nm stab
|
||||
.Nd symbol table types
|
||||
.Sh SYNOPSIS
|
||||
.Fd #include <stab.h>
|
||||
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
||||
The
|
||||
.Aq Pa stab.h
|
||||
file defines some of the symbol table
|
||||
.Fa n_type
|
||||
field values for
|
||||
.Xr a.out 5
|
||||
files.
|
||||
These are the types for permanent symbols (i.e., not local labels, etc.\&)
|
||||
used by the old debugger
|
||||
.Em sdb
|
||||
and the Berkeley Pascal compiler pc.
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
Symbol table entries can be produced by the
|
||||
.Dq .stabs
|
||||
assembler directive.
|
||||
This allows one to specify a double-quote delimited name, a symbol type, one
|
||||
.Li char
|
||||
and one
|
||||
.Li short
|
||||
of information about the symbol, as well as an
|
||||
.Li unsigned long
|
||||
(usually an address).
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
To avoid having to produce an explicit label for the address field,
|
||||
the
|
||||
.Dq .stabd
|
||||
directive can be used to implicitly address the current location.
|
||||
If no name is needed, symbol table entries can be generated using the
|
||||
.Dq .stabn
|
||||
directive.
|
||||
The loader promises to preserve the order of symbol table entries produced by
|
||||
.Dq .stab
|
||||
directives.
|
||||
As described in
|
||||
.Xr a.out 5 ,
|
||||
an element of the symbol table consists of the following structure:
|
||||
.Bd -literal
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* Format of a symbol table entry.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
struct nlist {
|
||||
union {
|
||||
char *n_name; /* for use when in-core */
|
||||
long n_strx; /* index into file string table */
|
||||
} n_un;
|
||||
unsigned char n_type; /* type flag */
|
||||
char n_other; /* unused */
|
||||
short n_desc; /* see struct desc, below */
|
||||
unsigned n_value; /* address or offset or line */
|
||||
};
|
||||
.Ed
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
The low bits of the
|
||||
.Fa n_type
|
||||
field are used to place a symbol into
|
||||
at most one segment, according to
|
||||
the following masks, defined in
|
||||
.Aq Pa a.out.h .
|
||||
A symbol can be in none of these segments by having none of these segment
|
||||
bits set.
|
||||
.Bd -literal
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* Simple values for n_type.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
#define N_UNDF 0x0 /* undefined */
|
||||
#define N_ABS 0x2 /* absolute */
|
||||
#define N_TEXT 0x4 /* text */
|
||||
#define N_DATA 0x6 /* data */
|
||||
#define N_BSS 0x8 /* bss */
|
||||
|
||||
#define N_EXT 01 /* external bit, or'ed in */
|
||||
.Ed
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
The
|
||||
.Fa n_value
|
||||
field of a symbol is relocated by the linker,
|
||||
.Xr ld 1 ,
|
||||
as an address within the appropriate segment.
|
||||
.Fa n_value
|
||||
fields of symbols not in any segment are unchanged by the linker.
|
||||
In addition, the linker will discard certain symbols, according to rules
|
||||
of its own, unless the
|
||||
.Fa n_type
|
||||
field has one of the following bits set:
|
||||
.Bd -literal
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* Other permanent symbol table entries have some of the N_STAB bits set.
|
||||
* These are given in <stab.h>
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
#define N_STAB 0xe0 /* if any of these bits set, don't discard */
|
||||
.Ed
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
This allows up to 112 (7 \(** 16) symbol types, split between the various
|
||||
segments.
|
||||
Some of these have already been claimed.
|
||||
The old symbolic debugger,
|
||||
.Em sdb ,
|
||||
uses the following
|
||||
.Fa n_type
|
||||
values:
|
||||
.Bd -literal
|
||||
#define N_GSYM 0x20 /* global symbol: name,,0,type,0 */
|
||||
#define N_FNAME 0x22 /* procedure name (f77 kludge): name,,0 */
|
||||
#define N_FUN 0x24 /* procedure: name,,0,linenumber,address */
|
||||
#define N_STSYM 0x26 /* static symbol: name,,0,type,address */
|
||||
#define N_LCSYM 0x28 /* .lcomm symbol: name,,0,type,address */
|
||||
#define N_RSYM 0x40 /* register sym: name,,0,type,register */
|
||||
#define N_SLINE 0x44 /* src line: 0,,0,linenumber,address */
|
||||
#define N_SSYM 0x60 /* structure elt: name,,0,type,struct_offset */
|
||||
#define N_SO 0x64 /* source file name: name,,0,0,address */
|
||||
#define N_LSYM 0x80 /* local sym: name,,0,type,offset */
|
||||
#define N_SOL 0x84 /* #included file name: name,,0,0,address */
|
||||
#define N_PSYM 0xa0 /* parameter: name,,0,type,offset */
|
||||
#define N_ENTRY 0xa4 /* alternate entry: name,linenumber,address */
|
||||
#define N_LBRAC 0xc0 /* left bracket: 0,,0,nesting level,address */
|
||||
#define N_RBRAC 0xe0 /* right bracket: 0,,0,nesting level,address */
|
||||
#define N_BCOMM 0xe2 /* begin common: name,, */
|
||||
#define N_ECOMM 0xe4 /* end common: name,, */
|
||||
#define N_ECOML 0xe8 /* end common (local name): ,,address */
|
||||
#define N_LENG 0xfe /* second stab entry with length information */
|
||||
.Ed
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
where the comments give
|
||||
.Em sdb
|
||||
conventional use for
|
||||
.Dq .stab s
|
||||
and the
|
||||
.Fa n_name ,
|
||||
.Fa n_other ,
|
||||
.Fa n_desc ,
|
||||
and
|
||||
.Fa n_value
|
||||
fields
|
||||
of the given
|
||||
.Fa n_type .
|
||||
.Em sdb
|
||||
uses the
|
||||
.Fa n_desc
|
||||
field to hold a type specifier in the form used
|
||||
by the Portable C Compiler,
|
||||
.Xr cc 1 ;
|
||||
see the header file
|
||||
.Pa pcc.h
|
||||
for details on the format of these type values.
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
The Berkeley Pascal compiler, pc, uses the following
|
||||
.Fa n_type
|
||||
value:
|
||||
.Bd -literal
|
||||
#define N_PC 0x30 /* global pascal symbol: name,,0,subtype,line */
|
||||
.Ed
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
and uses the following subtypes to do type checking across separately
|
||||
compiled files:
|
||||
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
|
||||
1 source file name
|
||||
2 included file name
|
||||
3 global label
|
||||
4 global constant
|
||||
5 global type
|
||||
6 global variable
|
||||
7 global function
|
||||
8 global procedure
|
||||
9 external function
|
||||
10 external procedure
|
||||
11 library variable
|
||||
12 library routine
|
||||
.Ed
|
||||
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
||||
.Xr as 1 ,
|
||||
.Xr gdb 1 ,
|
||||
.Xr ld 1 ,
|
||||
.Xr a.out 5
|
||||
.Sh HISTORY
|
||||
The
|
||||
.Nm
|
||||
file appeared in
|
||||
.Bx 4.0 .
|
||||
.Sh BUGS
|
||||
More basic types are needed.
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user